Name	Size	Mode	Actions
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.. highlightlang:: c .. _fileobjects: File Objects ------------ .. index:: object: file These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (:c:type:`FILE\*`) support from the C standard library. In Python 3, files and streams use the new :mod:`io` module, which defines several layers over the low-level unbuffered I/O of the operating system. The functions described below are convenience C wrappers over these new APIs, and meant mostly for internal error reporting in the interpreter; third-party code is advised to access the :mod:`io` APIs instead. .. c:function:: PyFile_FromFd(int fd, const char *name, const char *mode, int buffering, const char *encoding, const char *errors, const char *newline, int closefd) Create a Python file object from the file descriptor of an already opened file *fd*. The arguments *name*, *encoding*, *errors* and *newline* can be *NULL* to use the defaults; *buffering* can be *-1* to use the default. *name* is ignored and kept for backward compatibility. Return *NULL* on failure. For a more comprehensive description of the arguments, please refer to the :func:`io.open` function documentation. .. warning:: Since Python streams have their own buffering layer, mixing them with OS-level file descriptors can produce various issues (such as unexpected ordering of data). .. versionchanged:: 3.2 Ignore *name* attribute. .. c:function:: int PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(PyObject *p) Return the file descriptor associated with *p* as an :c:type:`int`. If the object is an integer, its value is returned. If not, the object's :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method is called if it exists; the method must return an integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value. Sets an exception and returns ``-1`` on failure. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyFile_GetLine(PyObject *p, int n) .. index:: single: EOFError (built-in exception) Equivalent to ``p.readline([n])``, this function reads one line from the object *p*. *p* may be a file object or any object with a :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` method. If *n* is ``0``, exactly one line is read, regardless of the length of the line. If *n* is greater than ``0``, no more than *n* bytes will be read from the file; a partial line can be returned. In both cases, an empty string is returned if the end of the file is reached immediately. If *n* is less than ``0``, however, one line is read regardless of length, but :exc:`EOFError` is raised if the end of the file is reached immediately. .. c:function:: int PyFile_WriteObject(PyObject *obj, PyObject *p, int flags) .. index:: single: Py_PRINT_RAW Write object *obj* to file object *p*. The only supported flag for *flags* is :const:`Py_PRINT_RAW`; if given, the :func:`str` of the object is written instead of the :func:`repr`. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure; the appropriate exception will be set. .. c:function:: int PyFile_WriteString(const char *s, PyObject *p) Write string *s* to file object *p*. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure; the appropriate exception will be set.