Name	Size	Mode	Actions
2to3.rst.txt	15898	0644	editdlrm
abc.rst.txt	11805	0644	editdlrm
aifc.rst.txt	7503	0644	editdlrm
allos.rst.txt	678	0644	editdlrm
archiving.rst.txt	440	0644	editdlrm
argparse.rst.txt	77480	0644	editdlrm
array.rst.txt	10812	0644	editdlrm
ast.rst.txt	10159	0644	editdlrm
asynchat.rst.txt	8528	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-dev.rst.txt	13398	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-eventloop.rst.txt	33701	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-eventloops.rst.txt	7660	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-protocol.rst.txt	25170	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-queue.rst.txt	4328	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-stream.rst.txt	14363	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-subprocess.rst.txt	15544	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-sync.rst.txt	9078	0644	editdlrm
asyncio-task.rst.txt	25406	0644	editdlrm
asyncio.rst.txt	2272	0644	editdlrm
asyncore.rst.txt	13624	0644	editdlrm
atexit.rst.txt	3669	0644	editdlrm
audioop.rst.txt	10712	0644	editdlrm
base64.rst.txt	10371	0644	editdlrm
bdb.rst.txt	12985	0644	editdlrm
binary.rst.txt	654	0644	editdlrm
binascii.rst.txt	6539	0644	editdlrm
binhex.rst.txt	1709	0644	editdlrm
bisect.rst.txt	5398	0644	editdlrm
builtins.rst.txt	1465	0644	editdlrm
bz2.rst.txt	8825	0644	editdlrm
calendar.rst.txt	10988	0644	editdlrm
cgi.rst.txt	22650	0644	editdlrm
cgitb.rst.txt	2918	0644	editdlrm
chunk.rst.txt	5094	0644	editdlrm
cmath.rst.txt	9326	0644	editdlrm
cmd.rst.txt	13795	0644	editdlrm
code.rst.txt	7817	0644	editdlrm
codecs.rst.txt	75564	0644	editdlrm
codeop.rst.txt	3021	0644	editdlrm
collections.abc.rst.txt	12861	0644	editdlrm
collections.rst.txt	46063	0644	editdlrm
colorsys.rst.txt	1820	0644	editdlrm
compileall.rst.txt	8975	0644	editdlrm
concurrency.rst.txt	673	0644	editdlrm
concurrent.futures.rst.txt	16910	0644	editdlrm
concurrent.rst.txt	171	0644	editdlrm
configparser.rst.txt	48756	0644	editdlrm
constants.rst.txt	3331	0644	editdlrm
contextlib.rst.txt	28175	0644	editdlrm
copy.rst.txt	3378	0644	editdlrm
copyreg.rst.txt	2182	0644	editdlrm
crypt.rst.txt	5122	0644	editdlrm
crypto.rst.txt	411	0644	editdlrm
csv.rst.txt	19902	0644	editdlrm
ctypes.rst.txt	88613	0644	editdlrm
curses.ascii.rst.txt	8920	0644	editdlrm
curses.panel.rst.txt	2764	0644	editdlrm
curses.rst.txt	76397	0644	editdlrm
custominterp.rst.txt	569	0644	editdlrm
datatypes.rst.txt	751	0644	editdlrm
datetime.rst.txt	90524	0644	editdlrm
dbm.rst.txt	14293	0644	editdlrm
debug.rst.txt	471	0644	editdlrm
decimal.rst.txt	74869	0644	editdlrm
development.rst.txt	704	0644	editdlrm
difflib.rst.txt	29861	0644	editdlrm
dis.rst.txt	32567	0644	editdlrm
distribution.rst.txt	452	0644	editdlrm
distutils.rst.txt	1974	0644	editdlrm
doctest.rst.txt	71743	0644	editdlrm
dummy_threading.rst.txt	784	0644	editdlrm
email.charset.rst.txt	9293	0644	editdlrm
email.compat32-message.rst.txt	33493	0644	editdlrm
email.contentmanager.rst.txt	9112	0644	editdlrm
email.encoders.rst.txt	2715	0644	editdlrm
email.errors.rst.txt	4792	0644	editdlrm
email.examples.rst.txt	1915	0644	editdlrm
email.generator.rst.txt	13637	0644	editdlrm
email.header.rst.txt	9188	0644	editdlrm
email.headerregistry.rst.txt	17957	0644	editdlrm
email.iterators.rst.txt	2795	0644	editdlrm
email.message.rst.txt	33008	0644	editdlrm
email.mime.rst.txt	11721	0644	editdlrm
email.parser.rst.txt	14092	0644	editdlrm
email.policy.rst.txt	27022	0644	editdlrm
email.rst.txt	6785	0644	editdlrm
email.util.rst.txt	9214	0644	editdlrm
ensurepip.rst.txt	4987	0644	editdlrm
enum.rst.txt	32751	0644	editdlrm
errno.rst.txt	6811	0644	editdlrm
exceptions.rst.txt	25570	0644	editdlrm
faulthandler.rst.txt	6136	0644	editdlrm
fcntl.rst.txt	7152	0644	editdlrm
filecmp.rst.txt	5623	0644	editdlrm
fileformats.rst.txt	287	0644	editdlrm
fileinput.rst.txt	8051	0644	editdlrm
filesys.rst.txt	961	0644	editdlrm
fnmatch.rst.txt	3103	0644	editdlrm
formatter.rst.txt	13242	0644	editdlrm
fpectl.rst.txt	4180	0644	editdlrm
fractions.rst.txt	6364	0644	editdlrm
frameworks.rst.txt	391	0644	editdlrm
ftplib.rst.txt	17552	0644	editdlrm
functional.rst.txt	365	0644	editdlrm
functions.rst.txt	71621	0644	editdlrm
functools.rst.txt	18503	0644	editdlrm
gc.rst.txt	9694	0644	editdlrm
getopt.rst.txt	6557	0644	editdlrm
getpass.rst.txt	1882	0644	editdlrm
gettext.rst.txt	25588	0644	editdlrm
glob.rst.txt	3508	0644	editdlrm
grp.rst.txt	2417	0644	editdlrm
gzip.rst.txt	8301	0644	editdlrm
hashlib.rst.txt	26523	0644	editdlrm
heapq.rst.txt	13402	0644	editdlrm
hmac.rst.txt	4020	0644	editdlrm
html.entities.rst.txt	1319	0644	editdlrm
html.parser.rst.txt	11275	0644	editdlrm
html.rst.txt	1304	0644	editdlrm
http.client.rst.txt	18870	0644	editdlrm
http.cookiejar.rst.txt	27832	0644	editdlrm
http.cookies.rst.txt	8645	0644	editdlrm
http.rst.txt	7096	0644	editdlrm
http.server.rst.txt	17639	0644	editdlrm
i18n.rst.txt	408	0644	editdlrm
idle.rst.txt	25834	0644	editdlrm
imaplib.rst.txt	20367	0644	editdlrm
imghdr.rst.txt	2938	0644	editdlrm
imp.rst.txt	15548	0644	editdlrm
importlib.rst.txt	53563	0644	editdlrm
index.rst.txt	2258	0644	editdlrm
inspect.rst.txt	53928	0644	editdlrm
internet.rst.txt	992	0644	editdlrm
intro.rst.txt	2645	0644	editdlrm
io.rst.txt	40328	0644	editdlrm
ipaddress.rst.txt	32340	0644	editdlrm
ipc.rst.txt	649	0644	editdlrm
itertools.rst.txt	38459	0644	editdlrm
json.rst.txt	27876	0644	editdlrm
keyword.rst.txt	617	0644	editdlrm
language.rst.txt	522	0644	editdlrm
linecache.rst.txt	2408	0644	editdlrm
locale.rst.txt	25470	0644	editdlrm
logging.config.rst.txt	33886	0644	editdlrm
logging.handlers.rst.txt	42497	0644	editdlrm
logging.rst.txt	60479	0644	editdlrm
lzma.rst.txt	17361	0644	editdlrm
macpath.rst.txt	707	0644	editdlrm
mailbox.rst.txt	63055	0644	editdlrm
mailcap.rst.txt	3691	0644	editdlrm
markup.rst.txt	679	0644	editdlrm
marshal.rst.txt	4855	0644	editdlrm
math.rst.txt	14375	0644	editdlrm
mimetypes.rst.txt	9839	0644	editdlrm
misc.rst.txt	247	0644	editdlrm
mm.rst.txt	431	0644	editdlrm
mmap.rst.txt	11232	0644	editdlrm
modulefinder.rst.txt	3240	0644	editdlrm
modules.rst.txt	355	0644	editdlrm
msilib.rst.txt	18612	0644	editdlrm
msvcrt.rst.txt	4392	0644	editdlrm
multiprocessing.rst.txt	104494	0644	editdlrm
netdata.rst.txt	339	0644	editdlrm
netrc.rst.txt	3007	0644	editdlrm
nis.rst.txt	1993	0644	editdlrm
nntplib.rst.txt	21821	0644	editdlrm
numbers.rst.txt	8089	0644	editdlrm
numeric.rst.txt	696	0644	editdlrm
operator.rst.txt	18989	0644	editdlrm
optparse.rst.txt	76996	0644	editdlrm
os.path.rst.txt	16419	0644	editdlrm
os.rst.txt	137534	0644	editdlrm
ossaudiodev.rst.txt	17845	0644	editdlrm
othergui.rst.txt	2822	0644	editdlrm
parser.rst.txt	15148	0644	editdlrm
pathlib.rst.txt	30045	0644	editdlrm
pdb.rst.txt	19454	0644	editdlrm
persistence.rst.txt	591	0644	editdlrm
pickle.rst.txt	37440	0644	editdlrm
pickletools.rst.txt	3729	0644	editdlrm
pipes.rst.txt	2557	0644	editdlrm
pkgutil.rst.txt	8730	0644	editdlrm
platform.rst.txt	9624	0644	editdlrm
plistlib.rst.txt	7398	0644	editdlrm
poplib.rst.txt	8197	0644	editdlrm
posix.rst.txt	3694	0644	editdlrm
pprint.rst.txt	14274	0644	editdlrm
profile.rst.txt	27969	0644	editdlrm
pty.rst.txt	3123	0644	editdlrm
pwd.rst.txt	2739	0644	editdlrm
pyclbr.rst.txt	3297	0644	editdlrm
pydoc.rst.txt	4688	0644	editdlrm
pyexpat.rst.txt	28620	0644	editdlrm
python.rst.txt	475	0644	editdlrm
py_compile.rst.txt	3851	0644	editdlrm
queue.rst.txt	7268	0644	editdlrm
quopri.rst.txt	2571	0644	editdlrm
random.rst.txt	18503	0644	editdlrm
re.rst.txt	64936	0644	editdlrm
readline.rst.txt	11943	0644	editdlrm
reprlib.rst.txt	5162	0644	editdlrm
resource.rst.txt	12291	0644	editdlrm
rlcompleter.rst.txt	2294	0644	editdlrm
runpy.rst.txt	8285	0644	editdlrm
sched.rst.txt	4842	0644	editdlrm
secrets.rst.txt	5930	0644	editdlrm
select.rst.txt	28175	0644	editdlrm
selectors.rst.txt	8925	0644	editdlrm
shelve.rst.txt	8390	0644	editdlrm
shlex.rst.txt	16441	0644	editdlrm
shutil.rst.txt	26014	0644	editdlrm
signal.rst.txt	17218	0644	editdlrm
site.rst.txt	9628	0644	editdlrm
smtpd.rst.txt	10806	0644	editdlrm
smtplib.rst.txt	23439	0644	editdlrm
sndhdr.rst.txt	1994	0644	editdlrm
socket.rst.txt	68202	0644	editdlrm
socketserver.rst.txt	23712	0644	editdlrm
spwd.rst.txt	2958	0644	editdlrm
sqlite3.rst.txt	39215	0644	editdlrm
ssl.rst.txt	96021	0644	editdlrm
stat.rst.txt	9805	0644	editdlrm
statistics.rst.txt	15301	0644	editdlrm
stdtypes.rst.txt	179240	0644	editdlrm
string.rst.txt	35374	0644	editdlrm
stringprep.rst.txt	4279	0644	editdlrm
struct.rst.txt	19581	0644	editdlrm
subprocess.rst.txt	45793	0644	editdlrm
sunau.rst.txt	7390	0644	editdlrm
superseded.rst.txt	258	0644	editdlrm
symbol.rst.txt	975	0644	editdlrm
symtable.rst.txt	4964	0644	editdlrm
sys.rst.txt	58273	0644	editdlrm
sysconfig.rst.txt	8749	0644	editdlrm
syslog.rst.txt	4302	0644	editdlrm
tabnanny.rst.txt	2007	0644	editdlrm
tarfile.rst.txt	31749	0644	editdlrm
telnetlib.rst.txt	7899	0644	editdlrm
tempfile.rst.txt	13857	0644	editdlrm
termios.rst.txt	3751	0644	editdlrm
test.rst.txt	25764	0644	editdlrm
text.rst.txt	584	0644	editdlrm
textwrap.rst.txt	10519	0644	editdlrm
threading.rst.txt	39257	0644	editdlrm
time.rst.txt	32967	0644	editdlrm
timeit.rst.txt	13000	0644	editdlrm
tk.rst.txt	1639	0644	editdlrm
tkinter.rst.txt	33027	0644	editdlrm
tkinter.scrolledtext.rst.txt	1255	0644	editdlrm
tkinter.tix.rst.txt	22653	0644	editdlrm
tkinter.ttk.rst.txt	58489	0644	editdlrm
token.rst.txt	2607	0644	editdlrm
tokenize.rst.txt	10002	0644	editdlrm
trace.rst.txt	6914	0644	editdlrm
traceback.rst.txt	17854	0644	editdlrm
tracemalloc.rst.txt	22089	0644	editdlrm
tty.rst.txt	1097	0644	editdlrm
turtle.rst.txt	71221	0644	editdlrm
types.rst.txt	9999	0644	editdlrm
typing.rst.txt	34332	0644	editdlrm
undoc.rst.txt	780	0644	editdlrm
unicodedata.rst.txt	5762	0644	editdlrm
unittest.mock-examples.rst.txt	46206	0644	editdlrm
unittest.mock.rst.txt	85991	0644	editdlrm
unittest.rst.txt	93304	0644	editdlrm
unix.rst.txt	446	0644	editdlrm
urllib.error.rst.txt	2199	0644	editdlrm
urllib.parse.rst.txt	27332	0644	editdlrm
urllib.request.rst.txt	59360	0644	editdlrm
urllib.robotparser.rst.txt	2969	0644	editdlrm
urllib.rst.txt	466	0644	editdlrm
uu.rst.txt	2387	0644	editdlrm
uuid.rst.txt	8760	0644	editdlrm
venv.rst.txt	20621	0644	editdlrm
warnings.rst.txt	20152	0644	editdlrm
wave.rst.txt	6870	0644	editdlrm
weakref.rst.txt	21328	0644	editdlrm
webbrowser.rst.txt	9783	0644	editdlrm
windows.rst.txt	272	0644	editdlrm
winreg.rst.txt	24073	0644	editdlrm
winsound.rst.txt	5134	0644	editdlrm
wsgiref.rst.txt	33047	0644	editdlrm
xdrlib.rst.txt	8078	0644	editdlrm
xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt	10198	0644	editdlrm
xml.dom.pulldom.rst.txt	5186	0644	editdlrm
xml.dom.rst.txt	39507	0644	editdlrm
xml.etree.elementtree.rst.txt	43871	0644	editdlrm
xml.rst.txt	6071	0644	editdlrm
xml.sax.handler.rst.txt	15399	0644	editdlrm
xml.sax.reader.rst.txt	12133	0644	editdlrm
xml.sax.rst.txt	7159	0644	editdlrm
xml.sax.utils.rst.txt	3901	0644	editdlrm
xmlrpc.client.rst.txt	23071	0644	editdlrm
xmlrpc.rst.txt	475	0644	editdlrm
xmlrpc.server.rst.txt	14990	0644	editdlrm
zipapp.rst.txt	17392	0644	editdlrm
zipfile.rst.txt	24005	0644	editdlrm
zipimport.rst.txt	5805	0644	editdlrm
zlib.rst.txt	13912	0644	editdlrm
_dummy_thread.rst.txt	762	0644	editdlrm
_thread.rst.txt	6886	0644	editdlrm
__future__.rst.txt	5245	0644	editdlrm
__main__.rst.txt	904	0644	editdlrm

:mod:`binascii` --- Convert between binary and ASCII ==================================================== .. module:: binascii :synopsis: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. .. index:: module: uu module: base64 module: binhex -------------- The :mod:`binascii` module contains a number of methods to convert between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. Normally, you will not use these functions directly but use wrapper modules like :mod:`uu`, :mod:`base64`, or :mod:`binhex` instead. The :mod:`binascii` module contains low-level functions written in C for greater speed that are used by the higher-level modules. .. note:: ``a2b_*`` functions accept Unicode strings containing only ASCII characters. Other functions only accept :term:`bytes-like objects ` (such as :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and other objects that support the buffer protocol). .. versionchanged:: 3.3 ASCII-only unicode strings are now accepted by the ``a2b_*`` functions. The :mod:`binascii` module defines the following functions: .. function:: a2b_uu(string) Convert a single line of uuencoded data back to binary and return the binary data. Lines normally contain 45 (binary) bytes, except for the last line. Line data may be followed by whitespace. .. function:: b2a_uu(data) Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters, the return value is the converted line, including a newline char. The length of *data* should be at most 45. .. function:: a2b_base64(string) Convert a block of base64 data back to binary and return the binary data. More than one line may be passed at a time. .. function:: b2a_base64(data, \*, newline=True) Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters in base64 coding. The return value is the converted line, including a newline char if *newline* is true. The output of this function conforms to :rfc:`3548`. .. versionchanged:: 3.6 Added the *newline* parameter. .. function:: a2b_qp(data, header=False) Convert a block of quoted-printable data back to binary and return the binary data. More than one line may be passed at a time. If the optional argument *header* is present and true, underscores will be decoded as spaces. .. function:: b2a_qp(data, quotetabs=False, istext=True, header=False) Convert binary data to a line(s) of ASCII characters in quoted-printable encoding. The return value is the converted line(s). If the optional argument *quotetabs* is present and true, all tabs and spaces will be encoded. If the optional argument *istext* is present and true, newlines are not encoded but trailing whitespace will be encoded. If the optional argument *header* is present and true, spaces will be encoded as underscores per :rfc:`1522`. If the optional argument *header* is present and false, newline characters will be encoded as well; otherwise linefeed conversion might corrupt the binary data stream. .. function:: a2b_hqx(string) Convert binhex4 formatted ASCII data to binary, without doing RLE-decompression. The string should contain a complete number of binary bytes, or (in case of the last portion of the binhex4 data) have the remaining bits zero. .. function:: rledecode_hqx(data) Perform RLE-decompression on the data, as per the binhex4 standard. The algorithm uses ``0x90`` after a byte as a repeat indicator, followed by a count. A count of ``0`` specifies a byte value of ``0x90``. The routine returns the decompressed data, unless data input data ends in an orphaned repeat indicator, in which case the :exc:`Incomplete` exception is raised. .. versionchanged:: 3.2 Accept only bytestring or bytearray objects as input. .. function:: rlecode_hqx(data) Perform binhex4 style RLE-compression on *data* and return the result. .. function:: b2a_hqx(data) Perform hexbin4 binary-to-ASCII translation and return the resulting string. The argument should already be RLE-coded, and have a length divisible by 3 (except possibly the last fragment). .. function:: crc_hqx(data, value) Compute a 16-bit CRC value of *data*, starting with *value* as the initial CRC, and return the result. This uses the CRC-CCITT polynomial *x*:sup:`16` + *x*:sup:`12` + *x*:sup:`5` + 1, often represented as 0x1021. This CRC is used in the binhex4 format. .. function:: crc32(data[, value]) Compute CRC-32, the 32-bit checksum of *data*, starting with an initial CRC of *value*. The default initial CRC is zero. The algorithm is consistent with the ZIP file checksum. Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not suitable for use as a general hash algorithm. Use as follows:: print(binascii.crc32(b"hello world")) # Or, in two pieces: crc = binascii.crc32(b"hello") crc = binascii.crc32(b" world", crc) print('crc32 = {:#010x}'.format(crc)) .. versionchanged:: 3.0 The result is always unsigned. To generate the same numeric value across all Python versions and platforms, use ``crc32(data) & 0xffffffff``. .. function:: b2a_hex(data) hexlify(data) Return the hexadecimal representation of the binary *data*. Every byte of *data* is converted into the corresponding 2-digit hex representation. The returned bytes object is therefore twice as long as the length of *data*. .. function:: a2b_hex(hexstr) unhexlify(hexstr) Return the binary data represented by the hexadecimal string *hexstr*. This function is the inverse of :func:`b2a_hex`. *hexstr* must contain an even number of hexadecimal digits (which can be upper or lower case), otherwise an :exc:`Error` exception is raised. .. exception:: Error Exception raised on errors. These are usually programming errors. .. exception:: Incomplete Exception raised on incomplete data. These are usually not programming errors, but may be handled by reading a little more data and trying again. .. seealso:: Module :mod:`base64` Support for RFC compliant base64-style encoding in base 16, 32, 64, and 85. Module :mod:`binhex` Support for the binhex format used on the Macintosh. Module :mod:`uu` Support for UU encoding used on Unix. Module :mod:`quopri` Support for quoted-printable encoding used in MIME email messages.