FM / library

/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/_sources/library/

/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/_sources/library

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
2to3.rst.txt	15898	0644	edit dl rm
abc.rst.txt	11805	0644	edit dl rm
aifc.rst.txt	7503	0644	edit dl rm
allos.rst.txt	678	0644	edit dl rm
archiving.rst.txt	440	0644	edit dl rm
argparse.rst.txt	77480	0644	edit dl rm
array.rst.txt	10812	0644	edit dl rm
ast.rst.txt	10159	0644	edit dl rm
asynchat.rst.txt	8528	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-dev.rst.txt	13398	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-eventloop.rst.txt	33701	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-eventloops.rst.txt	7660	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-protocol.rst.txt	25170	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-queue.rst.txt	4328	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-stream.rst.txt	14363	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-subprocess.rst.txt	15544	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-sync.rst.txt	9078	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio-task.rst.txt	25406	0644	edit dl rm
asyncio.rst.txt	2272	0644	edit dl rm
asyncore.rst.txt	13624	0644	edit dl rm
atexit.rst.txt	3669	0644	edit dl rm
audioop.rst.txt	10712	0644	edit dl rm
base64.rst.txt	10371	0644	edit dl rm
bdb.rst.txt	12985	0644	edit dl rm
binary.rst.txt	654	0644	edit dl rm
binascii.rst.txt	6539	0644	edit dl rm
binhex.rst.txt	1709	0644	edit dl rm
bisect.rst.txt	5398	0644	edit dl rm
builtins.rst.txt	1465	0644	edit dl rm
bz2.rst.txt	8825	0644	edit dl rm
calendar.rst.txt	10988	0644	edit dl rm
cgi.rst.txt	22650	0644	edit dl rm
cgitb.rst.txt	2918	0644	edit dl rm
chunk.rst.txt	5094	0644	edit dl rm
cmath.rst.txt	9326	0644	edit dl rm
cmd.rst.txt	13795	0644	edit dl rm
code.rst.txt	7817	0644	edit dl rm
codecs.rst.txt	75564	0644	edit dl rm
codeop.rst.txt	3021	0644	edit dl rm
collections.abc.rst.txt	12861	0644	edit dl rm
collections.rst.txt	46063	0644	edit dl rm
colorsys.rst.txt	1820	0644	edit dl rm
compileall.rst.txt	8975	0644	edit dl rm
concurrency.rst.txt	673	0644	edit dl rm
concurrent.futures.rst.txt	16910	0644	edit dl rm
concurrent.rst.txt	171	0644	edit dl rm
configparser.rst.txt	48756	0644	edit dl rm
constants.rst.txt	3331	0644	edit dl rm
contextlib.rst.txt	28175	0644	edit dl rm
copy.rst.txt	3378	0644	edit dl rm
copyreg.rst.txt	2182	0644	edit dl rm
crypt.rst.txt	5122	0644	edit dl rm
crypto.rst.txt	411	0644	edit dl rm
csv.rst.txt	19902	0644	edit dl rm
ctypes.rst.txt	88613	0644	edit dl rm
curses.ascii.rst.txt	8920	0644	edit dl rm
curses.panel.rst.txt	2764	0644	edit dl rm
curses.rst.txt	76397	0644	edit dl rm
custominterp.rst.txt	569	0644	edit dl rm
datatypes.rst.txt	751	0644	edit dl rm
datetime.rst.txt	90524	0644	edit dl rm
dbm.rst.txt	14293	0644	edit dl rm
debug.rst.txt	471	0644	edit dl rm
decimal.rst.txt	74869	0644	edit dl rm
development.rst.txt	704	0644	edit dl rm
difflib.rst.txt	29861	0644	edit dl rm
dis.rst.txt	32567	0644	edit dl rm
distribution.rst.txt	452	0644	edit dl rm
distutils.rst.txt	1974	0644	edit dl rm
doctest.rst.txt	71743	0644	edit dl rm
dummy_threading.rst.txt	784	0644	edit dl rm
email.charset.rst.txt	9293	0644	edit dl rm
email.compat32-message.rst.txt	33493	0644	edit dl rm
email.contentmanager.rst.txt	9112	0644	edit dl rm
email.encoders.rst.txt	2715	0644	edit dl rm
email.errors.rst.txt	4792	0644	edit dl rm
email.examples.rst.txt	1915	0644	edit dl rm
email.generator.rst.txt	13637	0644	edit dl rm
email.header.rst.txt	9188	0644	edit dl rm
email.headerregistry.rst.txt	17957	0644	edit dl rm
email.iterators.rst.txt	2795	0644	edit dl rm
email.message.rst.txt	33008	0644	edit dl rm
email.mime.rst.txt	11721	0644	edit dl rm
email.parser.rst.txt	14092	0644	edit dl rm
email.policy.rst.txt	27022	0644	edit dl rm
email.rst.txt	6785	0644	edit dl rm
email.util.rst.txt	9214	0644	edit dl rm
ensurepip.rst.txt	4987	0644	edit dl rm
enum.rst.txt	32751	0644	edit dl rm
errno.rst.txt	6811	0644	edit dl rm
exceptions.rst.txt	25570	0644	edit dl rm
faulthandler.rst.txt	6136	0644	edit dl rm
fcntl.rst.txt	7152	0644	edit dl rm
filecmp.rst.txt	5623	0644	edit dl rm
fileformats.rst.txt	287	0644	edit dl rm
fileinput.rst.txt	8051	0644	edit dl rm
filesys.rst.txt	961	0644	edit dl rm
fnmatch.rst.txt	3103	0644	edit dl rm
formatter.rst.txt	13242	0644	edit dl rm
fpectl.rst.txt	4180	0644	edit dl rm
fractions.rst.txt	6364	0644	edit dl rm
frameworks.rst.txt	391	0644	edit dl rm
ftplib.rst.txt	17552	0644	edit dl rm
functional.rst.txt	365	0644	edit dl rm
functions.rst.txt	71621	0644	edit dl rm
functools.rst.txt	18503	0644	edit dl rm
gc.rst.txt	9694	0644	edit dl rm
getopt.rst.txt	6557	0644	edit dl rm
getpass.rst.txt	1882	0644	edit dl rm
gettext.rst.txt	25588	0644	edit dl rm
glob.rst.txt	3508	0644	edit dl rm
grp.rst.txt	2417	0644	edit dl rm
gzip.rst.txt	8301	0644	edit dl rm
hashlib.rst.txt	26523	0644	edit dl rm
heapq.rst.txt	13402	0644	edit dl rm
hmac.rst.txt	4020	0644	edit dl rm
html.entities.rst.txt	1319	0644	edit dl rm
html.parser.rst.txt	11275	0644	edit dl rm
html.rst.txt	1304	0644	edit dl rm
http.client.rst.txt	18870	0644	edit dl rm
http.cookiejar.rst.txt	27832	0644	edit dl rm
http.cookies.rst.txt	8645	0644	edit dl rm
http.rst.txt	7096	0644	edit dl rm
http.server.rst.txt	17639	0644	edit dl rm
i18n.rst.txt	408	0644	edit dl rm
idle.rst.txt	25834	0644	edit dl rm
imaplib.rst.txt	20367	0644	edit dl rm
imghdr.rst.txt	2938	0644	edit dl rm
imp.rst.txt	15548	0644	edit dl rm
importlib.rst.txt	53563	0644	edit dl rm
index.rst.txt	2258	0644	edit dl rm
inspect.rst.txt	53928	0644	edit dl rm
internet.rst.txt	992	0644	edit dl rm
intro.rst.txt	2645	0644	edit dl rm
io.rst.txt	40328	0644	edit dl rm
ipaddress.rst.txt	32340	0644	edit dl rm
ipc.rst.txt	649	0644	edit dl rm
itertools.rst.txt	38459	0644	edit dl rm
json.rst.txt	27876	0644	edit dl rm
keyword.rst.txt	617	0644	edit dl rm
language.rst.txt	522	0644	edit dl rm
linecache.rst.txt	2408	0644	edit dl rm
locale.rst.txt	25470	0644	edit dl rm
logging.config.rst.txt	33886	0644	edit dl rm
logging.handlers.rst.txt	42497	0644	edit dl rm
logging.rst.txt	60479	0644	edit dl rm
lzma.rst.txt	17361	0644	edit dl rm
macpath.rst.txt	707	0644	edit dl rm
mailbox.rst.txt	63055	0644	edit dl rm
mailcap.rst.txt	3691	0644	edit dl rm
markup.rst.txt	679	0644	edit dl rm
marshal.rst.txt	4855	0644	edit dl rm
math.rst.txt	14375	0644	edit dl rm
mimetypes.rst.txt	9839	0644	edit dl rm
misc.rst.txt	247	0644	edit dl rm
mm.rst.txt	431	0644	edit dl rm
mmap.rst.txt	11232	0644	edit dl rm
modulefinder.rst.txt	3240	0644	edit dl rm
modules.rst.txt	355	0644	edit dl rm
msilib.rst.txt	18612	0644	edit dl rm
msvcrt.rst.txt	4392	0644	edit dl rm
multiprocessing.rst.txt	104494	0644	edit dl rm
netdata.rst.txt	339	0644	edit dl rm
netrc.rst.txt	3007	0644	edit dl rm
nis.rst.txt	1993	0644	edit dl rm
nntplib.rst.txt	21821	0644	edit dl rm
numbers.rst.txt	8089	0644	edit dl rm
numeric.rst.txt	696	0644	edit dl rm
operator.rst.txt	18989	0644	edit dl rm
optparse.rst.txt	76996	0644	edit dl rm
os.path.rst.txt	16419	0644	edit dl rm
os.rst.txt	137534	0644	edit dl rm
ossaudiodev.rst.txt	17845	0644	edit dl rm
othergui.rst.txt	2822	0644	edit dl rm
parser.rst.txt	15148	0644	edit dl rm
pathlib.rst.txt	30045	0644	edit dl rm
pdb.rst.txt	19454	0644	edit dl rm
persistence.rst.txt	591	0644	edit dl rm
pickle.rst.txt	37440	0644	edit dl rm
pickletools.rst.txt	3729	0644	edit dl rm
pipes.rst.txt	2557	0644	edit dl rm
pkgutil.rst.txt	8730	0644	edit dl rm
platform.rst.txt	9624	0644	edit dl rm
plistlib.rst.txt	7398	0644	edit dl rm
poplib.rst.txt	8197	0644	edit dl rm
posix.rst.txt	3694	0644	edit dl rm
pprint.rst.txt	14274	0644	edit dl rm
profile.rst.txt	27969	0644	edit dl rm
pty.rst.txt	3123	0644	edit dl rm
pwd.rst.txt	2739	0644	edit dl rm
pyclbr.rst.txt	3297	0644	edit dl rm
pydoc.rst.txt	4688	0644	edit dl rm
pyexpat.rst.txt	28620	0644	edit dl rm
python.rst.txt	475	0644	edit dl rm
py_compile.rst.txt	3851	0644	edit dl rm
queue.rst.txt	7268	0644	edit dl rm
quopri.rst.txt	2571	0644	edit dl rm
random.rst.txt	18503	0644	edit dl rm
re.rst.txt	64936	0644	edit dl rm
readline.rst.txt	11943	0644	edit dl rm
reprlib.rst.txt	5162	0644	edit dl rm
resource.rst.txt	12291	0644	edit dl rm
rlcompleter.rst.txt	2294	0644	edit dl rm
runpy.rst.txt	8285	0644	edit dl rm
sched.rst.txt	4842	0644	edit dl rm
secrets.rst.txt	5930	0644	edit dl rm
select.rst.txt	28175	0644	edit dl rm
selectors.rst.txt	8925	0644	edit dl rm
shelve.rst.txt	8390	0644	edit dl rm
shlex.rst.txt	16441	0644	edit dl rm
shutil.rst.txt	26014	0644	edit dl rm
signal.rst.txt	17218	0644	edit dl rm
site.rst.txt	9628	0644	edit dl rm
smtpd.rst.txt	10806	0644	edit dl rm
smtplib.rst.txt	23439	0644	edit dl rm
sndhdr.rst.txt	1994	0644	edit dl rm
socket.rst.txt	68202	0644	edit dl rm
socketserver.rst.txt	23712	0644	edit dl rm
spwd.rst.txt	2958	0644	edit dl rm
sqlite3.rst.txt	39215	0644	edit dl rm
ssl.rst.txt	96021	0644	edit dl rm
stat.rst.txt	9805	0644	edit dl rm
statistics.rst.txt	15301	0644	edit dl rm
stdtypes.rst.txt	179240	0644	edit dl rm
string.rst.txt	35374	0644	edit dl rm
stringprep.rst.txt	4279	0644	edit dl rm
struct.rst.txt	19581	0644	edit dl rm
subprocess.rst.txt	45793	0644	edit dl rm
sunau.rst.txt	7390	0644	edit dl rm
superseded.rst.txt	258	0644	edit dl rm
symbol.rst.txt	975	0644	edit dl rm
symtable.rst.txt	4964	0644	edit dl rm
sys.rst.txt	58273	0644	edit dl rm
sysconfig.rst.txt	8749	0644	edit dl rm
syslog.rst.txt	4302	0644	edit dl rm
tabnanny.rst.txt	2007	0644	edit dl rm
tarfile.rst.txt	31749	0644	edit dl rm
telnetlib.rst.txt	7899	0644	edit dl rm
tempfile.rst.txt	13857	0644	edit dl rm
termios.rst.txt	3751	0644	edit dl rm
test.rst.txt	25764	0644	edit dl rm
text.rst.txt	584	0644	edit dl rm
textwrap.rst.txt	10519	0644	edit dl rm
threading.rst.txt	39257	0644	edit dl rm
time.rst.txt	32967	0644	edit dl rm
timeit.rst.txt	13000	0644	edit dl rm
tk.rst.txt	1639	0644	edit dl rm
tkinter.rst.txt	33027	0644	edit dl rm
tkinter.scrolledtext.rst.txt	1255	0644	edit dl rm
tkinter.tix.rst.txt	22653	0644	edit dl rm
tkinter.ttk.rst.txt	58489	0644	edit dl rm
token.rst.txt	2607	0644	edit dl rm
tokenize.rst.txt	10002	0644	edit dl rm
trace.rst.txt	6914	0644	edit dl rm
traceback.rst.txt	17854	0644	edit dl rm
tracemalloc.rst.txt	22089	0644	edit dl rm
tty.rst.txt	1097	0644	edit dl rm
turtle.rst.txt	71221	0644	edit dl rm
types.rst.txt	9999	0644	edit dl rm
typing.rst.txt	34332	0644	edit dl rm
undoc.rst.txt	780	0644	edit dl rm
unicodedata.rst.txt	5762	0644	edit dl rm
unittest.mock-examples.rst.txt	46206	0644	edit dl rm
unittest.mock.rst.txt	85991	0644	edit dl rm
unittest.rst.txt	93304	0644	edit dl rm
unix.rst.txt	446	0644	edit dl rm
urllib.error.rst.txt	2199	0644	edit dl rm
urllib.parse.rst.txt	27332	0644	edit dl rm
urllib.request.rst.txt	59360	0644	edit dl rm
urllib.robotparser.rst.txt	2969	0644	edit dl rm
urllib.rst.txt	466	0644	edit dl rm
uu.rst.txt	2387	0644	edit dl rm
uuid.rst.txt	8760	0644	edit dl rm
venv.rst.txt	20621	0644	edit dl rm
warnings.rst.txt	20152	0644	edit dl rm
wave.rst.txt	6870	0644	edit dl rm
weakref.rst.txt	21328	0644	edit dl rm
webbrowser.rst.txt	9783	0644	edit dl rm
windows.rst.txt	272	0644	edit dl rm
winreg.rst.txt	24073	0644	edit dl rm
winsound.rst.txt	5134	0644	edit dl rm
wsgiref.rst.txt	33047	0644	edit dl rm
xdrlib.rst.txt	8078	0644	edit dl rm
xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt	10198	0644	edit dl rm
xml.dom.pulldom.rst.txt	5186	0644	edit dl rm
xml.dom.rst.txt	39507	0644	edit dl rm
xml.etree.elementtree.rst.txt	43871	0644	edit dl rm
xml.rst.txt	6071	0644	edit dl rm
xml.sax.handler.rst.txt	15399	0644	edit dl rm
xml.sax.reader.rst.txt	12133	0644	edit dl rm
xml.sax.rst.txt	7159	0644	edit dl rm
xml.sax.utils.rst.txt	3901	0644	edit dl rm
xmlrpc.client.rst.txt	23071	0644	edit dl rm
xmlrpc.rst.txt	475	0644	edit dl rm
xmlrpc.server.rst.txt	14990	0644	edit dl rm
zipapp.rst.txt	17392	0644	edit dl rm
zipfile.rst.txt	24005	0644	edit dl rm
zipimport.rst.txt	5805	0644	edit dl rm
zlib.rst.txt	13912	0644	edit dl rm
_dummy_thread.rst.txt	762	0644	edit dl rm
_thread.rst.txt	6886	0644	edit dl rm
__future__.rst.txt	5245	0644	edit dl rm
__main__.rst.txt	904	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/_sources/library/smtplib.rst.txt (23439B)

:mod:`smtplib` --- SMTP protocol client
=======================================

.. module:: smtplib
   :synopsis: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).

.. sectionauthor:: Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/smtplib.py`

.. index::
   pair: SMTP; protocol
   single: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

--------------

The :mod:`smtplib` module defines an SMTP client session object that can be used
to send mail to any Internet machine with an SMTP or ESMTP listener daemon.  For
details of SMTP and ESMTP operation, consult :rfc:`821` (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol) and :rfc:`1869` (SMTP Service Extensions).

.. class:: SMTP(host='', port=0, local_hostname=None[, timeout], source_address=None)

An :class:`SMTP` instance encapsulates an SMTP connection.  It has methods
   that support a full repertoire of SMTP and ESMTP operations. If the optional
   host and port parameters are given, the SMTP :meth:`connect` method is
   called with those parameters during initialization.  If specified,
   *local_hostname* is used as the FQDN of the local host in the HELO/EHLO
   command.  Otherwise, the local hostname is found using
   :func:`socket.getfqdn`.  If the :meth:`connect` call returns anything other
   than a success code, an :exc:`SMTPConnectError` is raised. The optional
   *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations
   like the connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout
   setting will be used).  If the timeout expires, :exc:`socket.timeout` is
   raised.  The optional source_address parameter allows binding
   to some specific source address in a machine with multiple network
   interfaces, and/or to some specific source TCP port. It takes a 2-tuple
   (host, port), for the socket to bind to as its source address before
   connecting. If omitted (or if host or port are ``''`` and/or 0 respectively)
   the OS default behavior will be used.

For normal use, you should only require the initialization/connect,
   :meth:`sendmail`, and :meth:`~smtplib.quit` methods.
   An example is included below.

The :class:`SMTP` class supports the :keyword:`with` statement.  When used
   like this, the SMTP ``QUIT`` command is issued automatically when the
   :keyword:`with` statement exits.  E.g.::

>>> from smtplib import SMTP
    >>> with SMTP("domain.org") as smtp:
    ...     smtp.noop()
    ...
    (250, b'Ok')
    >>>

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
      Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added.

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
      source_address argument was added.

.. versionadded:: 3.5
      The SMTPUTF8 extension (:rfc:`6531`) is now supported.

.. class:: SMTP_SSL(host='', port=0, local_hostname=None, keyfile=None, \
                    certfile=None [, timeout], context=None, \
                    source_address=None)

An :class:`SMTP_SSL` instance behaves exactly the same as instances of
   :class:`SMTP`. :class:`SMTP_SSL` should be used for situations where SSL is
   required from the beginning of the connection and using :meth:`starttls` is
   not appropriate. If *host* is not specified, the local host is used. If
   *port* is zero, the standard SMTP-over-SSL port (465) is used.  The optional
   arguments *local_hostname*, *timeout* and *source_address* have the same
   meaning as they do in the :class:`SMTP` class.  *context*, also optional,
   can contain a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` and allows configuring various
   aspects of the secure connection.  Please read :ref:`ssl-security` for
   best practices.

*keyfile* and *certfile* are a legacy alternative to *context*, and can
   point to a PEM formatted private key and certificate chain file for the
   SSL connection.

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
      *context* was added.

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
      source_address argument was added.

.. versionchanged:: 3.4
      The class now supports hostname check with
      :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
      :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).

.. deprecated:: 3.6

*keyfile* and *certfile* are deprecated in favor of *context*.
       Please use :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` instead, or let
       :func:`ssl.create_default_context` select the system's trusted CA
       certificates for you.

.. class:: LMTP(host='', port=LMTP_PORT, local_hostname=None, source_address=None)

The LMTP protocol, which is very similar to ESMTP, is heavily based on the
   standard SMTP client. It's common to use Unix sockets for LMTP, so our
   :meth:`connect` method must support that as well as a regular host:port
   server. The optional arguments local_hostname and source_address have the
   same meaning as they do in the :class:`SMTP` class. To specify a Unix
   socket, you must use an absolute path for *host*, starting with a '/'.

Authentication is supported, using the regular SMTP mechanism. When using a
   Unix socket, LMTP generally don't support or require any authentication, but
   your mileage might vary.

A nice selection of exceptions is defined as well:

.. exception:: SMTPException

Subclass of :exc:`OSError` that is the base exception class for all
   the other exceptions provided by this module.

.. versionchanged:: 3.4
      SMTPException became subclass of :exc:`OSError`

.. exception:: SMTPServerDisconnected

This exception is raised when the server unexpectedly disconnects, or when an
   attempt is made to use the :class:`SMTP` instance before connecting it to a
   server.

.. exception:: SMTPResponseException

Base class for all exceptions that include an SMTP error code. These exceptions
   are generated in some instances when the SMTP server returns an error code.  The
   error code is stored in the :attr:`smtp_code` attribute of the error, and the
   :attr:`smtp_error` attribute is set to the error message.

.. exception:: SMTPSenderRefused

Sender address refused.  In addition to the attributes set by on all
   :exc:`SMTPResponseException` exceptions, this sets 'sender' to the string that
   the SMTP server refused.

.. exception:: SMTPRecipientsRefused

All recipient addresses refused.  The errors for each recipient are accessible
   through the attribute :attr:`recipients`, which is a dictionary of exactly the
   same sort as :meth:`SMTP.sendmail` returns.

.. exception:: SMTPDataError

The SMTP server refused to accept the message data.

.. exception:: SMTPConnectError

Error occurred during establishment of a connection  with the server.

.. exception:: SMTPHeloError

The server refused our ``HELO`` message.

.. exception:: SMTPNotSupportedError

The command or option attempted is not supported by the server.

.. versionadded:: 3.5

.. exception:: SMTPAuthenticationError

SMTP authentication went wrong.  Most probably the server didn't accept the
   username/password combination provided.

.. seealso::

:rfc:`821` - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
      Protocol definition for SMTP.  This document covers the model, operating
      procedure, and protocol details for SMTP.

:rfc:`1869` - SMTP Service Extensions
      Definition of the ESMTP extensions for SMTP.  This describes a framework for
      extending SMTP with new commands, supporting dynamic discovery of the commands
      provided by the server, and defines a few additional commands.

.. _smtp-objects:

SMTP Objects
------------

An :class:`SMTP` instance has the following methods:

.. method:: SMTP.set_debuglevel(level)

Set the debug output level.  A value of 1 or ``True`` for *level* results in
   debug messages for connection and for all messages sent to and received from
   the server.  A value of 2 for *level* results in these messages being
   timestamped.

.. versionchanged:: 3.5 Added debuglevel 2.

.. method:: SMTP.docmd(cmd, args='')

Send a command *cmd* to the server.  The optional argument *args* is simply
   concatenated to the command, separated by a space.

This returns a 2-tuple composed of a numeric response code and the actual
   response line (multiline responses are joined into one long line.)

In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method explicitly.
   It is used to implement other methods and may be useful for testing private
   extensions.

If the connection to the server is lost while waiting for the reply,
   :exc:`SMTPServerDisconnected` will be raised.

.. method:: SMTP.connect(host='localhost', port=0)

Connect to a host on a given port.  The defaults are to connect to the local
   host at the standard SMTP port (25). If the hostname ends with a colon (``':'``)
   followed by a number, that suffix will be stripped off and the number
   interpreted as the port number to use. This method is automatically invoked by
   the constructor if a host is specified during instantiation.  Returns a
   2-tuple of the response code and message sent by the server in its
   connection response.

.. method:: SMTP.helo(name='')

Identify yourself to the SMTP server using ``HELO``.  The hostname argument
   defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host.
   The message returned by the server is stored as the :attr:`helo_resp` attribute
   of the object.

In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method explicitly.
   It will be implicitly called by the :meth:`sendmail` when necessary.

.. method:: SMTP.ehlo(name='')

Identify yourself to an ESMTP server using ``EHLO``.  The hostname argument
   defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host.  Examine the
   response for ESMTP option and store them for use by :meth:`has_extn`.
   Also sets several informational attributes: the message returned by
   the server is stored as the :attr:`ehlo_resp` attribute, :attr:`does_esmtp`
   is set to true or false depending on whether the server supports ESMTP, and
   :attr:`esmtp_features` will be a dictionary containing the names of the
   SMTP service extensions this server supports, and their parameters (if any).

Unless you wish to use :meth:`has_extn` before sending mail, it should not be
   necessary to call this method explicitly.  It will be implicitly called by
   :meth:`sendmail` when necessary.

.. method:: SMTP.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()

This method calls :meth:`ehlo` and/or :meth:`helo` if there has been no
   previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session.  It tries ESMTP ``EHLO``
   first.

:exc:`SMTPHeloError`
     The server didn't reply properly to the ``HELO`` greeting.

.. method:: SMTP.has_extn(name)

Return :const:`True` if *name* is in the set of SMTP service extensions returned
   by the server, :const:`False` otherwise. Case is ignored.

.. method:: SMTP.verify(address)

Check the validity of an address on this server using SMTP ``VRFY``. Returns a
   tuple consisting of code 250 and a full :rfc:`822` address (including human
   name) if the user address is valid. Otherwise returns an SMTP error code of 400
   or greater and an error string.

.. note::

Many sites disable SMTP ``VRFY`` in order to foil spammers.

.. method:: SMTP.login(user, password, *, initial_response_ok=True)

Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication. The arguments are the
   username and the password to authenticate with. If there has been no previous
   ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, this method tries ESMTP ``EHLO``
   first. This method will return normally if the authentication was successful, or
   may raise the following exceptions:

:exc:`SMTPHeloError`
      The server didn't reply properly to the ``HELO`` greeting.

:exc:`SMTPAuthenticationError`
      The server didn't accept the username/password combination.

:exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`
      The ``AUTH`` command is not supported by the server.

:exc:`SMTPException`
      No suitable authentication method was found.

Each of the authentication methods supported by :mod:`smtplib` are tried in
   turn if they are advertised as supported by the server.  See :meth:`auth`
   for a list of supported authentication methods.  *initial_response_ok* is
   passed through to :meth:`auth`.

Optional keyword argument *initial_response_ok* specifies whether, for
   authentication methods that support it, an "initial response" as specified
   in :rfc:`4954` can be sent along with the ``AUTH`` command, rather than
   requiring a challenge/response.

.. versionchanged:: 3.5
      :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` may be raised, and the
      *initial_response_ok* parameter was added.

.. method:: SMTP.auth(mechanism, authobject, *, initial_response_ok=True)

Issue an ``SMTP`` ``AUTH`` command for the specified authentication
   *mechanism*, and handle the challenge response via *authobject*.

*mechanism* specifies which authentication mechanism is to
   be used as argument to the ``AUTH`` command; the valid values are
   those listed in the ``auth`` element of :attr:`esmtp_features`.

*authobject* must be a callable object taking an optional single argument:

data = authobject(challenge=None)

If optional keyword argument *initial_response_ok* is true,
   ``authobject()`` will be called first with no argument.  It can return the
   :rfc:`4954` "initial response" ASCII ``str`` which will be encoded and sent with
   the ``AUTH`` command as below.  If the ``authobject()`` does not support an
   initial response (e.g. because it requires a challenge), it should return
   ``None`` when called with ``challenge=None``.  If *initial_response_ok* is
   false, then ``authobject()`` will not be called first with ``None``.

If the initial response check returns ``None``, or if *initial_response_ok* is
   false, ``authobject()`` will be called to process the server's challenge
   response; the *challenge* argument it is passed will be a ``bytes``.  It
   should return ASCII ``str`` *data* that will be base64 encoded and sent to the
   server.

The ``SMTP`` class provides ``authobjects`` for the ``CRAM-MD5``, ``PLAIN``,
   and ``LOGIN`` mechanisms; they are named ``SMTP.auth_cram_md5``,
   ``SMTP.auth_plain``, and ``SMTP.auth_login`` respectively.  They all require
   that the ``user`` and ``password`` properties of the ``SMTP`` instance are
   set to appropriate values.

User code does not normally need to call ``auth`` directly, but can instead
   call the :meth:`login` method, which will try each of the above mechanisms
   in turn, in the order listed.  ``auth`` is exposed to facilitate the
   implementation of authentication methods not (or not yet) supported
   directly by :mod:`smtplib`.

.. versionadded:: 3.5

.. method:: SMTP.starttls(keyfile=None, certfile=None, context=None)

Put the SMTP connection in TLS (Transport Layer Security) mode.  All SMTP
   commands that follow will be encrypted.  You should then call :meth:`ehlo`
   again.

If *keyfile* and *certfile* are provided, they are used to create an
   :class:`ssl.SSLContext`.

Optional *context* parameter is an :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object; This is
   an alternative to using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both
   *keyfile* and *certfile* should be ``None``.

If there has been no previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session,
   this method tries ESMTP ``EHLO`` first.

.. deprecated:: 3.6

:exc:`SMTPHeloError`
      The server didn't reply properly to the ``HELO`` greeting.

:exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`
     The server does not support the STARTTLS extension.

:exc:`RuntimeError`
     SSL/TLS support is not available to your Python interpreter.

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
      *context* was added.

.. versionchanged:: 3.4
      The method now supports hostname check with
      :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indicator* (see
      :data:`~ssl.HAS_SNI`).

.. versionchanged:: 3.5
      The error raised for lack of STARTTLS support is now the
      :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` subclass instead of the base
      :exc:`SMTPException`.

.. method:: SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=(), rcpt_options=())

Send mail.  The required arguments are an :rfc:`822` from-address string, a list
   of :rfc:`822` to-address strings (a bare string will be treated as a list with 1
   address), and a message string.  The caller may pass a list of ESMTP options
   (such as ``8bitmime``) to be used in ``MAIL FROM`` commands as *mail_options*.
   ESMTP options (such as ``DSN`` commands) that should be used with all ``RCPT``
   commands can be passed as *rcpt_options*.  (If you need to use different ESMTP
   options to different recipients you have to use the low-level methods such as
   :meth:`mail`, :meth:`rcpt` and :meth:`data` to send the message.)

.. note::

The *from_addr* and *to_addrs* parameters are used to construct the message
      envelope used by the transport agents.  ``sendmail`` does not modify the
      message headers in any way.

*msg* may be a string containing characters in the ASCII range, or a byte
   string.  A string is encoded to bytes using the ascii codec, and lone ``\r``
   and ``\n`` characters are converted to ``\r\n`` characters.  A byte string is
   not modified.

If there has been no previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, this
   method tries ESMTP ``EHLO`` first. If the server does ESMTP, message size and
   each of the specified options will be passed to it (if the option is in the
   feature set the server advertises).  If ``EHLO`` fails, ``HELO`` will be tried
   and ESMTP options suppressed.

This method will return normally if the mail is accepted for at least one
   recipient. Otherwise it will raise an exception.  That is, if this method does
   not raise an exception, then someone should get your mail. If this method does
   not raise an exception, it returns a dictionary, with one entry for each
   recipient that was refused.  Each entry contains a tuple of the SMTP error code
   and the accompanying error message sent by the server.

If ``SMTPUTF8`` is included in *mail_options*, and the server supports it,
   *from_addr* and *to_addrs* may contain non-ASCII characters.

This method may raise the following exceptions:

:exc:`SMTPRecipientsRefused`
      All recipients were refused.  Nobody got the mail.  The :attr:`recipients`
      attribute of the exception object is a dictionary with information about the
      refused recipients (like the one returned when at least one recipient was
      accepted).

:exc:`SMTPHeloError`
      The server didn't reply properly to the ``HELO`` greeting.

:exc:`SMTPSenderRefused`
      The server didn't accept the *from_addr*.

:exc:`SMTPDataError`
      The server replied with an unexpected error code (other than a refusal of a
      recipient).

:exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`
      ``SMTPUTF8`` was given in the *mail_options* but is not supported by the
      server.

Unless otherwise noted, the connection will be open even after an exception is
   raised.

.. versionchanged:: 3.2
      *msg* may be a byte string.

.. versionchanged:: 3.5
      ``SMTPUTF8`` support added, and :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` may be
      raised if ``SMTPUTF8`` is specified but the server does not support it.

.. method:: SMTP.send_message(msg, from_addr=None, to_addrs=None, \
                              mail_options=(), rcpt_options=())

This is a convenience method for calling :meth:`sendmail` with the message
   represented by an :class:`email.message.Message` object.  The arguments have
   the same meaning as for :meth:`sendmail`, except that *msg* is a ``Message``
   object.

If *from_addr* is ``None`` or *to_addrs* is ``None``, ``send_message`` fills
   those arguments with addresses extracted from the headers of *msg* as
   specified in :rfc:`5322`\: *from_addr* is set to the :mailheader:`Sender`
   field if it is present, and otherwise to the :mailheader:`From` field.
   *to_addrs* combines the values (if any) of the :mailheader:`To`,
   :mailheader:`Cc`, and :mailheader:`Bcc` fields from *msg*.  If exactly one
   set of :mailheader:`Resent-*` headers appear in the message, the regular
   headers are ignored and the :mailheader:`Resent-*` headers are used instead.
   If the message contains more than one set of :mailheader:`Resent-*` headers,
   a :exc:`ValueError` is raised, since there is no way to unambiguously detect
   the most recent set of :mailheader:`Resent-` headers.

``send_message`` serializes *msg* using
   :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` with ``\r\n`` as the *linesep*, and
   calls :meth:`sendmail` to transmit the resulting message.  Regardless of the
   values of *from_addr* and *to_addrs*, ``send_message`` does not transmit any
   :mailheader:`Bcc` or :mailheader:`Resent-Bcc` headers that may appear
   in *msg*.  If any of the addresses in *from_addr* and *to_addrs* contain
   non-ASCII characters and the server does not advertise ``SMTPUTF8`` support,
   an :exc:`SMTPNotSupported` error is raised.  Otherwise the ``Message`` is
   serialized with a clone of its :mod:`~email.policy` with the
   :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` attribute set to ``True``, and
   ``SMTPUTF8`` and ``BODY=8BITMIME`` are added to *mail_options*.

.. versionadded:: 3.2

.. versionadded:: 3.5
      Support for internationalized addresses (``SMTPUTF8``).

.. method:: SMTP.quit()

Terminate the SMTP session and close the connection.  Return the result of
   the SMTP ``QUIT`` command.

Low-level methods corresponding to the standard SMTP/ESMTP commands ``HELP``,
``RSET``, ``NOOP``, ``MAIL``, ``RCPT``, and ``DATA`` are also supported.
Normally these do not need to be called directly, so they are not documented
here.  For details, consult the module code.

.. _smtp-example:

SMTP Example
------------

This example prompts the user for addresses needed in the message envelope ('To'
and 'From' addresses), and the message to be delivered.  Note that the headers
to be included with the message must be included in the message as entered; this
example doesn't do any processing of the :rfc:`822` headers.  In particular, the
'To' and 'From' addresses must be included in the message headers explicitly. ::

import smtplib

def prompt(prompt):
       return input(prompt).strip()

fromaddr = prompt("From: ")
   toaddrs  = prompt("To: ").split()
   print("Enter message, end with ^D (Unix) or ^Z (Windows):")

# Add the From: and To: headers at the start!
   msg = ("From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\n\r\n"
          % (fromaddr, ", ".join(toaddrs)))
   while True:
       try:
           line = input()
       except EOFError:
           break
       if not line:
           break
       msg = msg + line

print("Message length is", len(msg))

server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
   server.set_debuglevel(1)
   server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
   server.quit()

.. note::

In general, you will want to use the :mod:`email` package's features to
   construct an email message, which you can then send
   via :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message`; see :ref:`email-examples`.

cmd: