/
usr
/
share
/
doc
/
python3-docs
/
html
/
library
/
/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/library
mkdir
upload
Name
Size
Mode
Actions
2to3.html
61709
0644
edit
dl
rm
abc.html
41394
0644
edit
dl
rm
aifc.html
28114
0644
edit
dl
rm
allos.html
32236
0644
edit
dl
rm
archiving.html
11992
0644
edit
dl
rm
argparse.html
274984
0644
edit
dl
rm
array.html
33547
0644
edit
dl
rm
ast.html
39595
0644
edit
dl
rm
asynchat.html
32546
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-dev.html
51869
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-eventloop.html
111215
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-eventloops.html
33026
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-protocol.html
87431
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-queue.html
23957
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-stream.html
61005
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-subprocess.html
58015
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-sync.html
35678
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio-task.html
83968
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncio.html
28026
0644
edit
dl
rm
asyncore.html
42706
0644
edit
dl
rm
atexit.html
18433
0644
edit
dl
rm
audioop.html
35442
0644
edit
dl
rm
base64.html
36454
0644
edit
dl
rm
bdb.html
43423
0644
edit
dl
rm
binary.html
12723
0644
edit
dl
rm
binascii.html
24745
0644
edit
dl
rm
binhex.html
11669
0644
edit
dl
rm
bisect.html
25602
0644
edit
dl
rm
builtins.html
11604
0644
edit
dl
rm
bz2.html
33358
0644
edit
dl
rm
calendar.html
39539
0644
edit
dl
rm
cgi.html
55881
0644
edit
dl
rm
cgitb.html
12765
0644
edit
dl
rm
chunk.html
16872
0644
edit
dl
rm
cmath.html
34171
0644
edit
dl
rm
cmd.html
43811
0644
edit
dl
rm
code.html
27886
0644
edit
dl
rm
codecs.html
134071
0644
edit
dl
rm
codeop.html
14304
0644
edit
dl
rm
collections.abc.html
60912
0644
edit
dl
rm
collections.html
154946
0644
edit
dl
rm
colorsys.html
12627
0644
edit
dl
rm
compileall.html
28263
0644
edit
dl
rm
concurrency.html
21203
0644
edit
dl
rm
concurrent.futures.html
60660
0644
edit
dl
rm
concurrent.html
7959
0644
edit
dl
rm
configparser.html
141052
0644
edit
dl
rm
constants.html
17500
0644
edit
dl
rm
contextlib.html
88801
0644
edit
dl
rm
copy.html
13841
0644
edit
dl
rm
copyreg.html
14725
0644
edit
dl
rm
crypt.html
20331
0644
edit
dl
rm
crypto.html
10914
0644
edit
dl
rm
csv.html
69043
0644
edit
dl
rm
ctypes.html
264529
0644
edit
dl
rm
curses.ascii.html
25197
0644
edit
dl
rm
curses.html
175551
0644
edit
dl
rm
curses.panel.html
16706
0644
edit
dl
rm
custominterp.html
8734
0644
edit
dl
rm
datatypes.html
23950
0644
edit
dl
rm
datetime.html
306435
0644
edit
dl
rm
dbm.html
43119
0644
edit
dl
rm
debug.html
13983
0644
edit
dl
rm
decimal.html
233486
0644
edit
dl
rm
development.html
25123
0644
edit
dl
rm
difflib.html
96156
0644
edit
dl
rm
dis.html
106191
0644
edit
dl
rm
distribution.html
10506
0644
edit
dl
rm
distutils.html
10884
0644
edit
dl
rm
doctest.html
179752
0644
edit
dl
rm
dummy_threading.html
9316
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.charset.html
26431
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.compat32-message.html
86150
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.contentmanager.html
30028
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.encoders.html
14250
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.errors.html
19704
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.examples.html
57872
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.generator.html
41798
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.header.html
31219
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.headerregistry.html
57670
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.html
27741
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.iterators.html
13532
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.message.html
87210
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.mime.html
36081
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.parser.html
47430
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.policy.html
75241
0644
edit
dl
rm
email.util.html
33853
0644
edit
dl
rm
ensurepip.html
18700
0644
edit
dl
rm
enum.html
133949
0644
edit
dl
rm
errno.html
41331
0644
edit
dl
rm
exceptions.html
85151
0644
edit
dl
rm
faulthandler.html
23396
0644
edit
dl
rm
fcntl.html
27321
0644
edit
dl
rm
filecmp.html
25036
0644
edit
dl
rm
fileformats.html
11129
0644
edit
dl
rm
fileinput.html
30030
0644
edit
dl
rm
filesys.html
13418
0644
edit
dl
rm
fnmatch.html
16987
0644
edit
dl
rm
formatter.html
37666
0644
edit
dl
rm
fpectl.html
17538
0644
edit
dl
rm
fractions.html
29918
0644
edit
dl
rm
frameworks.html
13471
0644
edit
dl
rm
ftplib.html
54429
0644
edit
dl
rm
functional.html
9002
0644
edit
dl
rm
functions.html
201486
0644
edit
dl
rm
functools.html
64951
0644
edit
dl
rm
gc.html
29524
0644
edit
dl
rm
getopt.html
25353
0644
edit
dl
rm
getpass.html
12061
0644
edit
dl
rm
gettext.html
76641
0644
edit
dl
rm
glob.html
18432
0644
edit
dl
rm
grp.html
12383
0644
edit
dl
rm
gzip.html
32669
0644
edit
dl
rm
hashlib.html
79554
0644
edit
dl
rm
heapq.html
35529
0644
edit
dl
rm
hmac.html
17827
0644
edit
dl
rm
html.entities.html
11361
0644
edit
dl
rm
html.html
11108
0644
edit
dl
rm
html.parser.html
41842
0644
edit
dl
rm
http.client.html
65250
0644
edit
dl
rm
http.cookiejar.html
96195
0644
edit
dl
rm
http.cookies.html
39329
0644
edit
dl
rm
http.html
37602
0644
edit
dl
rm
http.server.html
58191
0644
edit
dl
rm
i18n.html
10464
0644
edit
dl
rm
idle.html
48412
0644
edit
dl
rm
imaplib.html
67339
0644
edit
dl
rm
imghdr.html
13456
0644
edit
dl
rm
imp.html
48153
0644
edit
dl
rm
importlib.html
173109
0644
edit
dl
rm
index.html
67768
0644
edit
dl
rm
inspect.html
130355
0644
edit
dl
rm
internet.html
31087
0644
edit
dl
rm
intro.html
9904
0644
edit
dl
rm
io.html
122685
0644
edit
dl
rm
ipaddress.html
105873
0644
edit
dl
rm
ipc.html
33743
0644
edit
dl
rm
itertools.html
132824
0644
edit
dl
rm
json.html
81078
0644
edit
dl
rm
keyword.html
8918
0644
edit
dl
rm
language.html
13648
0644
edit
dl
rm
linecache.html
13492
0644
edit
dl
rm
locale.html
61540
0644
edit
dl
rm
logging.config.html
85489
0644
edit
dl
rm
logging.handlers.html
112397
0644
edit
dl
rm
logging.html
134850
0644
edit
dl
rm
lzma.html
56484
0644
edit
dl
rm
macpath.html
9257
0644
edit
dl
rm
mailbox.html
157315
0644
edit
dl
rm
mailcap.html
14676
0644
edit
dl
rm
markup.html
19356
0644
edit
dl
rm
marshal.html
18317
0644
edit
dl
rm
math.html
53661
0644
edit
dl
rm
mimetypes.html
31410
0644
edit
dl
rm
misc.html
8123
0644
edit
dl
rm
mm.html
10022
0644
edit
dl
rm
mmap.html
34294
0644
edit
dl
rm
modulefinder.html
18559
0644
edit
dl
rm
modules.html
10914
0644
edit
dl
rm
msilib.html
57205
0644
edit
dl
rm
msvcrt.html
21989
0644
edit
dl
rm
multiprocessing.html
365487
0644
edit
dl
rm
netdata.html
17470
0644
edit
dl
rm
netrc.html
14568
0644
edit
dl
rm
nis.html
11659
0644
edit
dl
rm
nntplib.html
69601
0644
edit
dl
rm
numbers.html
41432
0644
edit
dl
rm
numeric.html
15535
0644
edit
dl
rm
operator.html
81460
0644
edit
dl
rm
optparse.html
249942
0644
edit
dl
rm
os.html
398039
0644
edit
dl
rm
os.path.html
53818
0644
edit
dl
rm
ossaudiodev.html
47947
0644
edit
dl
rm
othergui.html
10256
0644
edit
dl
rm
parser.html
42408
0644
edit
dl
rm
pathlib.html
116726
0644
edit
dl
rm
pdb.html
52661
0644
edit
dl
rm
persistence.html
15281
0644
edit
dl
rm
pickle.html
115052
0644
edit
dl
rm
pickletools.html
17094
0644
edit
dl
rm
pipes.html
15991
0644
edit
dl
rm
pkgutil.html
31878
0644
edit
dl
rm
platform.html
33728
0644
edit
dl
rm
plistlib.html
29290
0644
edit
dl
rm
poplib.html
30940
0644
edit
dl
rm
posix.html
17608
0644
edit
dl
rm
pprint.html
41969
0644
edit
dl
rm
profile.html
71848
0644
edit
dl
rm
pty.html
17594
0644
edit
dl
rm
pwd.html
13098
0644
edit
dl
rm
pyclbr.html
16520
0644
edit
dl
rm
pydoc.html
15991
0644
edit
dl
rm
pyexpat.html
88938
0644
edit
dl
rm
python.html
17133
0644
edit
dl
rm
py_compile.html
15508
0644
edit
dl
rm
queue.html
28199
0644
edit
dl
rm
quopri.html
13858
0644
edit
dl
rm
random.html
60646
0644
edit
dl
rm
re.html
191176
0644
edit
dl
rm
readline.html
42133
0644
edit
dl
rm
reprlib.html
24964
0644
edit
dl
rm
resource.html
36552
0644
edit
dl
rm
rlcompleter.html
14392
0644
edit
dl
rm
runpy.html
26607
0644
edit
dl
rm
sched.html
20034
0644
edit
dl
rm
secrets.html
24734
0644
edit
dl
rm
select.html
62819
0644
edit
dl
rm
selectors.html
35845
0644
edit
dl
rm
shelve.html
28777
0644
edit
dl
rm
shlex.html
48979
0644
edit
dl
rm
shutil.html
74207
0644
edit
dl
rm
signal.html
55064
0644
edit
dl
rm
site.html
32242
0644
edit
dl
rm
smtpd.html
35892
0644
edit
dl
rm
smtplib.html
68433
0644
edit
dl
rm
sndhdr.html
12439
0644
edit
dl
rm
socket.html
196077
0644
edit
dl
rm
socketserver.html
81918
0644
edit
dl
rm
spwd.html
12328
0644
edit
dl
rm
sqlite3.html
161872
0644
edit
dl
rm
ssl.html
266327
0644
edit
dl
rm
stat.html
44722
0644
edit
dl
rm
statistics.html
50050
0644
edit
dl
rm
stdtypes.html
465658
0644
edit
dl
rm
string.html
95262
0644
edit
dl
rm
stringprep.html
18654
0644
edit
dl
rm
struct.html
51100
0644
edit
dl
rm
subprocess.html
141926
0644
edit
dl
rm
sunau.html
31757
0644
edit
dl
rm
superseded.html
13781
0644
edit
dl
rm
symbol.html
8848
0644
edit
dl
rm
symtable.html
26112
0644
edit
dl
rm
sys.html
141670
0644
edit
dl
rm
sysconfig.html
30259
0644
edit
dl
rm
syslog.html
21026
0644
edit
dl
rm
tabnanny.html
12269
0644
edit
dl
rm
tarfile.html
96758
0644
edit
dl
rm
telnetlib.html
30409
0644
edit
dl
rm
tempfile.html
41394
0644
edit
dl
rm
termios.html
18181
0644
edit
dl
rm
test.html
78555
0644
edit
dl
rm
text.html
13786
0644
edit
dl
rm
textwrap.html
37998
0644
edit
dl
rm
threading.html
103464
0644
edit
dl
rm
time.html
79629
0644
edit
dl
rm
timeit.html
45249
0644
edit
dl
rm
tk.html
23299
0644
edit
dl
rm
tkinter.html
82932
0644
edit
dl
rm
tkinter.scrolledtext.html
9957
0644
edit
dl
rm
tkinter.tix.html
51858
0644
edit
dl
rm
tkinter.ttk.html
110673
0644
edit
dl
rm
token.html
22660
0644
edit
dl
rm
tokenize.html
32149
0644
edit
dl
rm
trace.html
29145
0644
edit
dl
rm
traceback.html
57588
0644
edit
dl
rm
tracemalloc.html
101144
0644
edit
dl
rm
tty.html
10540
0644
edit
dl
rm
turtle.html
250367
0644
edit
dl
rm
types.html
37060
0644
edit
dl
rm
typing.html
139175
0644
edit
dl
rm
undoc.html
9181
0644
edit
dl
rm
unicodedata.html
21108
0644
edit
dl
rm
unittest.html
250689
0644
edit
dl
rm
unittest.mock-examples.html
168144
0644
edit
dl
rm
unittest.mock.html
300089
0644
edit
dl
rm
unix.html
11780
0644
edit
dl
rm
urllib.error.html
14474
0644
edit
dl
rm
urllib.html
9566
0644
edit
dl
rm
urllib.parse.html
76334
0644
edit
dl
rm
urllib.request.html
177199
0644
edit
dl
rm
urllib.robotparser.html
17156
0644
edit
dl
rm
uu.html
12209
0644
edit
dl
rm
uuid.html
31957
0644
edit
dl
rm
venv.html
73909
0644
edit
dl
rm
warnings.html
50320
0644
edit
dl
rm
wave.html
29868
0644
edit
dl
rm
weakref.html
65292
0644
edit
dl
rm
webbrowser.html
26901
0644
edit
dl
rm
windows.html
10626
0644
edit
dl
rm
winreg.html
66730
0644
edit
dl
rm
winsound.html
21268
0644
edit
dl
rm
wsgiref.html
94492
0644
edit
dl
rm
xdrlib.html
33751
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.dom.html
97570
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.dom.minidom.html
41481
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.dom.pulldom.html
24214
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.etree.elementtree.html
135491
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.html
19261
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.sax.handler.html
42659
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.sax.html
25515
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.sax.reader.html
45869
0644
edit
dl
rm
xml.sax.utils.html
16928
0644
edit
dl
rm
xmlrpc.client.html
71947
0644
edit
dl
rm
xmlrpc.html
8535
0644
edit
dl
rm
xmlrpc.server.html
49195
0644
edit
dl
rm
zipapp.html
45105
0644
edit
dl
rm
zipfile.html
80039
0644
edit
dl
rm
zipimport.html
23052
0644
edit
dl
rm
zlib.html
34557
0644
edit
dl
rm
_dummy_thread.html
9193
0644
edit
dl
rm
_thread.html
22588
0644
edit
dl
rm
__future__.html
15792
0644
edit
dl
rm
__main__.html
9019
0644
edit
dl
rm
Edit:
/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/library/csv.html
(69043B)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>14.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="14.2. configparser — Configuration file parser" href="configparser.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="14. File Formats" href="fileformats.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="configparser.html" title="14.2. configparser — Configuration file parser" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fileformats.html" title="14. File Formats" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="fileformats.html" accesskey="U">14. File Formats</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-csv"> <span id="csv-csv-file-reading-and-writing"></span><h1>14.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> — CSV File Reading and Writing<a class="headerlink" href="#module-csv" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/csv.py">Lib/csv.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> <p>The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) format is the most common import and export format for spreadsheets and databases. CSV format was used for many years prior to attempts to describe the format in a standardized way in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180.html"><strong>RFC 4180</strong></a>. The lack of a well-defined standard means that subtle differences often exist in the data produced and consumed by different applications. These differences can make it annoying to process CSV files from multiple sources. Still, while the delimiters and quoting characters vary, the overall format is similar enough that it is possible to write a single module which can efficiently manipulate such data, hiding the details of reading and writing the data from the programmer.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module implements classes to read and write tabular data in CSV format. It allows programmers to say, “write this data in the format preferred by Excel,” or “read data from this file which was generated by Excel,” without knowing the precise details of the CSV format used by Excel. Programmers can also describe the CSV formats understood by other applications or define their own special-purpose CSV formats.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module’s <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects read and write sequences. Programmers can also read and write data in dictionary form using the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictReader" title="csv.DictReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictReader</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictWriter" title="csv.DictWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictWriter</span></code></a> classes.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0305"><strong>PEP 305</strong></a> - CSV File API</dt> <dd>The Python Enhancement Proposal which proposed this addition to Python.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="module-contents"> <span id="csv-contents"></span><h2>14.1.1. Module Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#module-contents" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.reader"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">reader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>csvfile</em>, <em>dialect='excel'</em>, <em>**fmtparams</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.reader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a reader object which will iterate over lines in the given <em>csvfile</em>. <em>csvfile</em> can be any object which supports the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterator"><span class="xref std std-term">iterator</span></a> protocol and returns a string each time its <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__()</span></code> method is called — <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file objects</span></a> and list objects are both suitable. If <em>csvfile</em> is a file object, it should be opened with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newline=''</span></code>. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id1">[1]</a> An optional <em>dialect</em> parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters specific to a particular CSV dialect. It may be an instance of a subclass of the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class or one of the strings returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.list_dialects" title="csv.list_dialects"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list_dialects()</span></code></a> function. The other optional <em>fmtparams</em> keyword arguments can be given to override individual formatting parameters in the current dialect. For full details about the dialect and formatting parameters, see section <a class="reference internal" href="#csv-fmt-params"><span class="std std-ref">Dialects and Formatting Parameters</span></a>.</p> <p>Each row read from the csv file is returned as a list of strings. No automatic data type conversion is performed unless the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUOTE_NONNUMERIC</span></code> format option is specified (in which case unquoted fields are transformed into floats).</p> <p>A short usage example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'eggs.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">spamreader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quotechar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'|'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">spamreader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">', '</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="go">Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Baked Beans</span> <span class="go">Spam, Lovely Spam, Wonderful Spam</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.writer"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">writer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>csvfile</em>, <em>dialect='excel'</em>, <em>**fmtparams</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.writer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a writer object responsible for converting the user’s data into delimited strings on the given file-like object. <em>csvfile</em> can be any object with a <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> method. If <em>csvfile</em> is a file object, it should be opened with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newline=''</span></code> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id2">[1]</a>. An optional <em>dialect</em> parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters specific to a particular CSV dialect. It may be an instance of a subclass of the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class or one of the strings returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.list_dialects" title="csv.list_dialects"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list_dialects()</span></code></a> function. The other optional <em>fmtparams</em> keyword arguments can be given to override individual formatting parameters in the current dialect. For full details about the dialect and formatting parameters, see section <a class="reference internal" href="#csv-fmt-params"><span class="std std-ref">Dialects and Formatting Parameters</span></a>. To make it as easy as possible to interface with modules which implement the DB API, the value <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> is written as the empty string. While this isn’t a reversible transformation, it makes it easier to dump SQL NULL data values to CSV files without preprocessing the data returned from a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor.fetch*</span></code> call. All other non-string data are stringified with <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> before being written.</p> <p>A short usage example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'eggs.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">spamwriter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quotechar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'|'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quoting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_MINIMAL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">spamwriter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'Spam'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Baked Beans'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="n">spamwriter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'Spam'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Lovely Spam'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Wonderful Spam'</span><span class="p">])</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.register_dialect"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">register_dialect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>dialect</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>**fmtparams</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.register_dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Associate <em>dialect</em> with <em>name</em>. <em>name</em> must be a string. The dialect can be specified either by passing a sub-class of <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a>, or by <em>fmtparams</em> keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overriding parameters of the dialect. For full details about the dialect and formatting parameters, see section <a class="reference internal" href="#csv-fmt-params"><span class="std std-ref">Dialects and Formatting Parameters</span></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.unregister_dialect"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">unregister_dialect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.unregister_dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the dialect associated with <em>name</em> from the dialect registry. An <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Error" title="csv.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> is raised if <em>name</em> is not a registered dialect name.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.get_dialect"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">get_dialect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.get_dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the dialect associated with <em>name</em>. An <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Error" title="csv.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> is raised if <em>name</em> is not a registered dialect name. This function returns an immutable <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.list_dialects"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">list_dialects</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.list_dialects" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the names of all registered dialects.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="csv.field_size_limit"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">field_size_limit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>new_limit</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.field_size_limit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns the current maximum field size allowed by the parser. If <em>new_limit</em> is given, this becomes the new limit.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module defines the following classes:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.DictReader"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">DictReader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>f</em>, <em>fieldnames=None</em>, <em>restkey=None</em>, <em>restval=None</em>, <em>dialect='excel'</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kwds</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.DictReader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create an object that operates like a regular reader but maps the information in each row to an <a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code></a> whose keys are given by the optional <em>fieldnames</em> parameter.</p> <p>The <em>fieldnames</em> parameter is a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-sequence"><span class="xref std std-term">sequence</span></a>. If <em>fieldnames</em> is omitted, the values in the first row of file <em>f</em> will be used as the fieldnames. Regardless of how the fieldnames are determined, the ordered dictionary preserves their original ordering.</p> <p>If a row has more fields than fieldnames, the remaining data is put in a list and stored with the fieldname specified by <em>restkey</em> (which defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>). If a non-blank row has fewer fields than fieldnames, the missing values are filled-in with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <p>All other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlying <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> instance.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Returned rows are now of type <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code>.</p> </div> <p>A short usage example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'names.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DictReader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="go">Eric Idle</span> <span class="go">John Cleese</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">OrderedDict([('first_name', 'John'), ('last_name', 'Cleese')])</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.DictWriter"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">DictWriter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>f</em>, <em>fieldnames</em>, <em>restval=''</em>, <em>extrasaction='raise'</em>, <em>dialect='excel'</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kwds</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.DictWriter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create an object which operates like a regular writer but maps dictionaries onto output rows. The <em>fieldnames</em> parameter is a <a class="reference internal" href="collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc" title="collections.abc: Abstract base classes for containers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sequence</span></code></a> of keys that identify the order in which values in the dictionary passed to the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writerow()</span></code> method are written to file <em>f</em>. The optional <em>restval</em> parameter specifies the value to be written if the dictionary is missing a key in <em>fieldnames</em>. If the dictionary passed to the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writerow()</span></code> method contains a key not found in <em>fieldnames</em>, the optional <em>extrasaction</em> parameter indicates what action to take. If it is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'raise'</span></code>, the default value, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised. If it is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'ignore'</span></code>, extra values in the dictionary are ignored. Any other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlying <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> instance.</p> <p>Note that unlike the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictReader" title="csv.DictReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictReader</span></code></a> class, the <em>fieldnames</em> parameter of the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictWriter" title="csv.DictWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictWriter</span></code></a> is not optional. Since Python’s <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a> objects are not ordered, there is not enough information available to deduce the order in which the row should be written to file <em>f</em>.</p> <p>A short usage example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'names.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">fieldnames</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">writer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DictWriter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fieldnames</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fieldnames</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writeheader</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Baked'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Beans'</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Lovely'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Spam'</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Wonderful'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Spam'</span><span class="p">})</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.Dialect"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">Dialect</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class is a container class relied on primarily for its attributes, which are used to define the parameters for a specific <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> instance.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.excel"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">excel</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.excel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.excel" title="csv.excel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">excel</span></code></a> class defines the usual properties of an Excel-generated CSV file. It is registered with the dialect name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'excel'</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.excel_tab"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">excel_tab</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.excel_tab" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.excel_tab" title="csv.excel_tab"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">excel_tab</span></code></a> class defines the usual properties of an Excel-generated TAB-delimited file. It is registered with the dialect name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'excel-tab'</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.unix_dialect"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">unix_dialect</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.unix_dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.unix_dialect" title="csv.unix_dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unix_dialect</span></code></a> class defines the usual properties of a CSV file generated on UNIX systems, i.e. using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code> as line terminator and quoting all fields. It is registered with the dialect name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'unix'</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="csv.Sniffer"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">Sniffer</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Sniffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Sniffer" title="csv.Sniffer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sniffer</span></code></a> class is used to deduce the format of a CSV file.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Sniffer" title="csv.Sniffer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sniffer</span></code></a> class provides two methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.Sniffer.sniff"> <code class="descname">sniff</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sample</em>, <em>delimiters=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Sniffer.sniff" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Analyze the given <em>sample</em> and return a <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> subclass reflecting the parameters found. If the optional <em>delimiters</em> parameter is given, it is interpreted as a string containing possible valid delimiter characters.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.Sniffer.has_header"> <code class="descname">has_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sample</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Sniffer.has_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Analyze the sample text (presumed to be in CSV format) and return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a> if the first row appears to be a series of column headers.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <p>An example for <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Sniffer" title="csv.Sniffer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sniffer</span></code></a> use:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">dialect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sniffer</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sniff</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">csvfile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># ... process CSV file contents here ...</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module defines the following constants:</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="csv.QUOTE_ALL"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">QUOTE_ALL</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.QUOTE_ALL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Instructs <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects to quote all fields.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">QUOTE_MINIMAL</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Instructs <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects to only quote those fields which contain special characters such as <em>delimiter</em>, <em>quotechar</em> or any of the characters in <em>lineterminator</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">QUOTE_NONNUMERIC</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Instructs <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects to quote all non-numeric fields.</p> <p>Instructs the reader to convert all non-quoted fields to type <em>float</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="csv.QUOTE_NONE"> <code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">QUOTE_NONE</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.QUOTE_NONE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Instructs <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects to never quote fields. When the current <em>delimiter</em> occurs in output data it is preceded by the current <em>escapechar</em> character. If <em>escapechar</em> is not set, the writer will raise <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Error" title="csv.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> if any characters that require escaping are encountered.</p> <p>Instructs <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> to perform no special processing of quote characters.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a> module defines the following exception:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="csv.Error"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">csv.</code><code class="descname">Error</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Raised by any of the functions when an error is detected.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="dialects-and-formatting-parameters"> <span id="csv-fmt-params"></span><h2>14.1.2. Dialects and Formatting Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#dialects-and-formatting-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>To make it easier to specify the format of input and output records, specific formatting parameters are grouped together into dialects. A dialect is a subclass of the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class having a set of specific methods and a single <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate()</span></code> method. When creating <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a> objects, the programmer can specify a string or a subclass of the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class as the dialect parameter. In addition to, or instead of, the <em>dialect</em> parameter, the programmer can also specify individual formatting parameters, which have the same names as the attributes defined below for the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Dialect" title="csv.Dialect"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dialect</span></code></a> class.</p> <p>Dialects support the following attributes:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.delimiter"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">delimiter</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.delimiter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A one-character string used to separate fields. It defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">','</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.doublequote"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">doublequote</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.doublequote" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Controls how instances of <em>quotechar</em> appearing inside a field should themselves be quoted. When <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a>, the character is doubled. When <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a>, the <em>escapechar</em> is used as a prefix to the <em>quotechar</em>. It defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a>.</p> <p>On output, if <em>doublequote</em> is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a> and no <em>escapechar</em> is set, <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Error" title="csv.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> is raised if a <em>quotechar</em> is found in a field.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.escapechar"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">escapechar</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.escapechar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A one-character string used by the writer to escape the <em>delimiter</em> if <em>quoting</em> is set to <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.QUOTE_NONE" title="csv.QUOTE_NONE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUOTE_NONE</span></code></a> and the <em>quotechar</em> if <em>doublequote</em> is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a>. On reading, the <em>escapechar</em> removes any special meaning from the following character. It defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>, which disables escaping.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.lineterminator"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">lineterminator</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.lineterminator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The string used to terminate lines produced by the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span></code></a>. It defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader</span></code></a> is hard-coded to recognise either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code> as end-of-line, and ignores <em>lineterminator</em>. This behavior may change in the future.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.quotechar"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">quotechar</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.quotechar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A one-character string used to quote fields containing special characters, such as the <em>delimiter</em> or <em>quotechar</em>, or which contain new-line characters. It defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'"'</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.quoting"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">quoting</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.quoting" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Controls when quotes should be generated by the writer and recognised by the reader. It can take on any of the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUOTE_*</span></code> constants (see section <a class="reference internal" href="#csv-contents"><span class="std std-ref">Module Contents</span></a>) and defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL" title="csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUOTE_MINIMAL</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.skipinitialspace"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">skipinitialspace</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.skipinitialspace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a>, whitespace immediately following the <em>delimiter</em> is ignored. The default is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.Dialect.strict"> <code class="descclassname">Dialect.</code><code class="descname">strict</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.Dialect.strict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, raise exception <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.Error" title="csv.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a> on bad CSV input. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="reader-objects"> <h2>14.1.3. Reader Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#reader-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Reader objects (<a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictReader" title="csv.DictReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictReader</span></code></a> instances and objects returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader()</span></code></a> function) have the following public methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.csvreader.__next__"> <code class="descclassname">csvreader.</code><code class="descname">__next__</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvreader.__next__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the next row of the reader’s iterable object as a list (if the object was returned from <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.reader" title="csv.reader"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reader()</span></code></a>) or a dict (if it is a <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictReader" title="csv.DictReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictReader</span></code></a> instance), parsed according to the current dialect. Usually you should call this as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next(reader)</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Reader objects have the following public attributes:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.csvreader.dialect"> <code class="descclassname">csvreader.</code><code class="descname">dialect</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvreader.dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A read-only description of the dialect in use by the parser.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.csvreader.line_num"> <code class="descclassname">csvreader.</code><code class="descname">line_num</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvreader.line_num" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The number of lines read from the source iterator. This is not the same as the number of records returned, as records can span multiple lines.</p> </dd></dl> <p>DictReader objects have the following public attribute:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.csvreader.fieldnames"> <code class="descclassname">csvreader.</code><code class="descname">fieldnames</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvreader.fieldnames" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If not passed as a parameter when creating the object, this attribute is initialized upon first access or when the first record is read from the file.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="writer-objects"> <h2>14.1.4. Writer Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#writer-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Writer</span></code> objects (<a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictWriter" title="csv.DictWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictWriter</span></code></a> instances and objects returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.writer" title="csv.writer"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer()</span></code></a> function) have the following public methods. A <em>row</em> must be an iterable of strings or numbers for <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Writer</span></code> objects and a dictionary mapping fieldnames to strings or numbers (by passing them through <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> first) for <a class="reference internal" href="#csv.DictWriter" title="csv.DictWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DictWriter</span></code></a> objects. Note that complex numbers are written out surrounded by parens. This may cause some problems for other programs which read CSV files (assuming they support complex numbers at all).</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.csvwriter.writerow"> <code class="descclassname">csvwriter.</code><code class="descname">writerow</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>row</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvwriter.writerow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write the <em>row</em> parameter to the writer’s file object, formatted according to the current dialect.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support of arbitrary iterables.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.csvwriter.writerows"> <code class="descclassname">csvwriter.</code><code class="descname">writerows</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>rows</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvwriter.writerows" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write all elements in <em>rows</em> (an iterable of <em>row</em> objects as described above) to the writer’s file object, formatted according to the current dialect.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Writer objects have the following public attribute:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="csv.csvwriter.dialect"> <code class="descclassname">csvwriter.</code><code class="descname">dialect</code><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.csvwriter.dialect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A read-only description of the dialect in use by the writer.</p> </dd></dl> <p>DictWriter objects have the following public method:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="csv.DictWriter.writeheader"> <code class="descclassname">DictWriter.</code><code class="descname">writeheader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#csv.DictWriter.writeheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write a row with the field names (as specified in the constructor).</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="examples"> <span id="csv-examples"></span><h2>14.1.5. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The simplest example of reading a CSV file:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Reading a file with an alternate format:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'passwd'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">':'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quoting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_NONE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The corresponding simplest possible writing example is:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">writer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">someiterable</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Since <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> is used to open a CSV file for reading, the file will by default be decoded into unicode using the system default encoding (see <a class="reference internal" href="locale.html#locale.getpreferredencoding" title="locale.getpreferredencoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locale.getpreferredencoding()</span></code></a>). To decode a file using a different encoding, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encoding</span></code> argument of open:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some.csv'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The same applies to writing in something other than the system default encoding: specify the encoding argument when opening the output file.</p> <p>Registering a new dialect:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_dialect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'unixpwd'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">':'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quoting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_NONE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'passwd'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'unixpwd'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>A slightly more advanced use of the reader — catching and reporting errors:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'some.csv'</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'file </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">, line </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">line_num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">))</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>And while the module doesn’t directly support parsing strings, it can easily be done:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'one,two,three'</span><span class="p">]):</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id3" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label">[1]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a>)</em> If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newline=''</span></code> is not specified, newlines embedded inside quoted fields will not be interpreted correctly, and on platforms that use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code> linendings on write an extra <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r</span></code> will be added. It should always be safe to specify <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newline=''</span></code>, since the csv module does its own (<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-universal-newlines"><span class="xref std std-term">universal</span></a>) newline handling.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">14.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code> — CSV File Reading and Writing</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-contents">14.1.1. Module Contents</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dialects-and-formatting-parameters">14.1.2. Dialects and Formatting Parameters</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#reader-objects">14.1.3. Reader Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#writer-objects">14.1.4. Writer Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">14.1.5. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="fileformats.html" title="previous chapter">14. File Formats</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="configparser.html" title="next chapter">14.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">configparser</span></code> — Configuration file parser</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/csv.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="configparser.html" title="14.2. configparser — Configuration file parser" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fileformats.html" title="14. File Formats" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="fileformats.html" >14. File Formats</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Dec 18, 2023. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>
Save
cmd:
run