FM / doc

/usr/share/vim/vim80/doc

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
arabic.txt	11936	0644	edit dl rm
autocmd.txt	65402	0644	edit dl rm
change.txt	74877	0644	edit dl rm
channel.txt	30819	0644	edit dl rm
cmdline.txt	47283	0644	edit dl rm
debug.txt	7182	0644	edit dl rm
debugger.txt	5744	0644	edit dl rm
develop.txt	22344	0644	edit dl rm
diff.txt	16525	0644	edit dl rm
digraph.txt	62123	0644	edit dl rm
editing.txt	73176	0644	edit dl rm
eval.txt	444462	0644	edit dl rm
farsi.txt	9703	0644	edit dl rm
filetype.txt	26647	0644	edit dl rm
fold.txt	23694	0644	edit dl rm
ft_ada.txt	18247	0644	edit dl rm
ft_rust.txt	9526	0644	edit dl rm
ft_sql.txt	30694	0644	edit dl rm
gui.txt	45592	0644	edit dl rm
gui_w32.txt	18916	0644	edit dl rm
gui_x11.txt	29480	0644	edit dl rm
hangulin.txt	3291	0644	edit dl rm
hebrew.txt	5714	0644	edit dl rm
help.txt	8578	0644	edit dl rm
helphelp.txt	14338	0644	edit dl rm
howto.txt	2911	0644	edit dl rm
if_cscop.txt	19361	0644	edit dl rm
if_lua.txt	14642	0644	edit dl rm
if_mzsch.txt	11823	0644	edit dl rm
if_ole.txt	7405	0644	edit dl rm
if_perl.txt	11149	0644	edit dl rm
if_pyth.txt	37944	0644	edit dl rm
if_ruby.txt	8014	0644	edit dl rm
if_sniff.txt	266	0644	edit dl rm
if_tcl.txt	23026	0644	edit dl rm
indent.txt	39427	0644	edit dl rm
index.txt	76443	0644	edit dl rm
insert.txt	83156	0644	edit dl rm
intro.txt	39226	0644	edit dl rm
map.txt	64668	0644	edit dl rm
mbyte.txt	59306	0644	edit dl rm
message.txt	31230	0644	edit dl rm
mlang.txt	7850	0644	edit dl rm
motion.txt	51602	0644	edit dl rm
netbeans.txt	36998	0644	edit dl rm
options.txt	389116	0644	edit dl rm
os_390.txt	4753	0644	edit dl rm
os_amiga.txt	5461	0644	edit dl rm
os_beos.txt	10983	0644	edit dl rm
os_dos.txt	12021	0644	edit dl rm
os_mac.txt	6851	0644	edit dl rm
os_mint.txt	1402	0644	edit dl rm
os_msdos.txt	518	0644	edit dl rm
os_os2.txt	294	0644	edit dl rm
os_qnx.txt	4071	0644	edit dl rm
os_risc.txt	323	0644	edit dl rm
os_unix.txt	2595	0644	edit dl rm
os_vms.txt	32100	0644	edit dl rm
os_win32.txt	13348	0644	edit dl rm
pattern.txt	59321	0644	edit dl rm
pi_getscript.txt	21078	0644	edit dl rm
pi_gzip.txt	1321	0644	edit dl rm
pi_logipat.txt	4186	0644	edit dl rm
pi_netrw.txt	175550	0644	edit dl rm
pi_paren.txt	2269	0644	edit dl rm
pi_spec.txt	4122	0644	edit dl rm
pi_tar.txt	6223	0644	edit dl rm
pi_vimball.txt	11853	0644	edit dl rm
pi_zip.txt	7229	0644	edit dl rm
print.txt	31158	0644	edit dl rm
quickfix.txt	69021	0644	edit dl rm
quickref.txt	71256	0644	edit dl rm
quotes.txt	12743	0644	edit dl rm
recover.txt	10694	0644	edit dl rm
remote.txt	8420	0644	edit dl rm
repeat.txt	39573	0644	edit dl rm
rileft.txt	4976	0644	edit dl rm
russian.txt	3090	0644	edit dl rm
scroll.txt	14071	0644	edit dl rm
sign.txt	6891	0644	edit dl rm
spell.txt	62781	0644	edit dl rm
sponsor.txt	7198	0644	edit dl rm
starting.txt	73622	0644	edit dl rm
syntax.txt	217471	0644	edit dl rm
tabpage.txt	16720	0644	edit dl rm
tags	328832	0644	edit dl rm
tagsrch.txt	36636	0644	edit dl rm
term.txt	45416	0644	edit dl rm
terminal.txt	33567	0644	edit dl rm
tips.txt	20556	0644	edit dl rm
todo.txt	296268	0644	edit dl rm
uganda.txt	14024	0644	edit dl rm
undo.txt	16539	0644	edit dl rm
usr_01.txt	7090	0644	edit dl rm
usr_02.txt	24339	0644	edit dl rm
usr_03.txt	23605	0644	edit dl rm
usr_04.txt	19082	0644	edit dl rm
usr_05.txt	23824	0644	edit dl rm
usr_06.txt	9587	0644	edit dl rm
usr_07.txt	15984	0644	edit dl rm
usr_08.txt	19374	0644	edit dl rm
usr_09.txt	11450	0644	edit dl rm
usr_10.txt	29180	0644	edit dl rm
usr_11.txt	12611	0644	edit dl rm
usr_12.txt	13424	0644	edit dl rm
usr_20.txt	13703	0644	edit dl rm
usr_21.txt	18373	0644	edit dl rm
usr_22.txt	14297	0644	edit dl rm
usr_23.txt	12588	0644	edit dl rm
usr_24.txt	20869	0644	edit dl rm
usr_25.txt	19114	0644	edit dl rm
usr_26.txt	8254	0644	edit dl rm
usr_27.txt	17723	0644	edit dl rm
usr_28.txt	16015	0644	edit dl rm
usr_29.txt	20116	0644	edit dl rm
usr_30.txt	22656	0644	edit dl rm
usr_31.txt	10394	0644	edit dl rm
usr_32.txt	5373	0644	edit dl rm
usr_40.txt	23184	0644	edit dl rm
usr_41.txt	89301	0644	edit dl rm
usr_42.txt	13798	0644	edit dl rm
usr_43.txt	7404	0644	edit dl rm
usr_44.txt	29211	0644	edit dl rm
usr_45.txt	17912	0644	edit dl rm
usr_90.txt	17661	0644	edit dl rm
usr_toc.txt	9218	0644	edit dl rm
various.txt	28852	0644	edit dl rm
version4.txt	13906	0644	edit dl rm
version5.txt	308543	0644	edit dl rm
version6.txt	577052	0644	edit dl rm
version7.txt	674766	0644	edit dl rm
version8.txt	684252	0644	edit dl rm
visual.txt	21843	0644	edit dl rm
vi_diff.txt	42812	0644	edit dl rm
windows.txt	53030	0644	edit dl rm
workshop.txt	4631	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/diff.txt (16525B)

*diff.txt*      For Vim version 8.0.  Last change: 2017 Oct 03

VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar

*diff* *vimdiff* *gvimdiff* *diff-mode*
This file describes the |+diff| feature: Showing differences between two to
eight versions of the same file.

The basics are explained in section |08.7| of the user manual.

{not in Vi}

==============================================================================
1. Starting diff mode					*start-vimdiff*

The easiest way to start editing in diff mode is with the "vimdiff" command.
This starts Vim as usual, and additionally sets up for viewing the differences
between the arguments. >

vimdiff file1 file2 [file3 [file4]]

This is equivalent to: >

vim -d file1 file2 [file3 [file4]]

You may also use "gvimdiff" or "vim -d -g".  The GUI is started then.
You may also use "viewdiff" or "gviewdiff".  Vim starts in readonly mode then.
"r" may be prepended for restricted mode (see |-Z|).

The second and following arguments may also be a directory name.  Vim will
then append the file name of the first argument to the directory name to find
the file.

This only works when a standard "diff" command is available.  See 'diffexpr'.

Diffs are local to the current tab page |tab-page|.  You can't see diffs with
a window in another tab page.  This does make it possible to have several
diffs at the same time, each in their own tab page.

What happens is that Vim opens a window for each of the files.  This is like
using the |-O| argument.  This uses vertical splits.  If you prefer horizontal
splits add the |-o| argument: >

vimdiff -o file1 file2 [file3 [file4]]

If you always prefer horizontal splits include "horizontal" in 'diffopt'.

In each of the edited files these options are set:

'diff'		on
	'scrollbind'	on
	'cursorbind'	on
	'scrollopt'	includes "hor"
	'wrap'		off
	'foldmethod'	"diff"
	'foldcolumn'	value from 'diffopt', default is 2

These options are set local to the window.  When editing another file they are
reset to the global value.
The options can still be overruled from a modeline when re-editing the file.
However, 'foldmethod' and 'wrap' won't be set from a modeline when 'diff' is
set.

The differences shown are actually the differences in the buffer.  Thus if you
make changes after loading a file, these will be included in the displayed
diffs.  You might have to do ":diffupdate" now and then, not all changes are
immediately taken into account.

In your .vimrc file you could do something special when Vim was started in
diff mode.  You could use a construct like this: >

if &diff
	   setup for diff mode
	else
	   setup for non-diff mode
	endif

While already in Vim you can start diff mode in three ways.

*E98*
:diffs[plit] {filename}					*:diffs* *:diffsplit*
		Open a new window on the file {filename}.  The options are set
		as for "vimdiff" for the current and the newly opened window.
		Also see 'diffexpr'.

*:difft* *:diffthis*
:difft[his]	Make the current window part of the diff windows.  This sets
		the options like for "vimdiff".

:diffp[atch] {patchfile}			 *E816* *:diffp* *:diffpatch*
		Use the current buffer, patch it with the diff found in
		{patchfile} and open a buffer on the result.  The options are
		set as for "vimdiff".
		{patchfile} can be in any format that the "patch" program
		understands or 'patchexpr' can handle.
		Note that {patchfile} should only contain a diff for one file,
		the current file.  If {patchfile} contains diffs for other
		files as well, the results are unpredictable.  Vim changes
		directory to /tmp to avoid files in the current directory
		accidentally being patched.  But it may still result in
		various ".rej" files to be created.  And when absolute path
		names are present these files may get patched anyway.

To make these commands use a vertical split, prepend |:vertical|.  Examples: >

:vert diffsplit main.c~
	:vert diffpatch /tmp/diff

If you always prefer a vertical split include "vertical" in 'diffopt'.

*E96*
There can be up to eight buffers with 'diff' set.

Since the option values are remembered with the buffer, you can edit another
file for a moment and come back to the same file and be in diff mode again.

*:diffo* *:diffoff*
:diffo[ff]	Switch off diff mode for the current window.  Resets related
		options also when 'diff' was not set.

:diffo[ff]!	Switch off diff mode for the current window and in all windows
		in the current tab page where 'diff' is set.  Resetting
		related options only happens in a window that has 'diff' set,
		if the current window does not have 'diff' set then no options
		in it are changed.
		Hidden buffers are also removed from the list of diff'ed
		buffers.

The `:diffoff` command resets the relevant options to the values they had when
using `:diffsplit`, `:diffpatch` , `:diffthis`. or starting Vim in diff mode.
When using `:diffoff` twice the last saved values are restored.
Otherwise they are set to their default value:

'diff'		off
	'scrollbind'	off
	'cursorbind'	off
	'scrollopt'	without "hor"
	'wrap'		on
	'foldmethod'	"manual"
	'foldcolumn'	0

==============================================================================
2. Viewing diffs						*view-diffs*

The effect is that the diff windows show the same text, with the differences
highlighted.  When scrolling the text, the 'scrollbind' option will make the
text in other windows to be scrolled as well.  With vertical splits the text
should be aligned properly.

The alignment of text will go wrong when:
- 'wrap' is on, some lines will be wrapped and occupy two or more screen
  lines
- folds are open in one window but not another
- 'scrollbind' is off
- changes have been made to the text
- "filler" is not present in 'diffopt', deleted/inserted lines makes the
  alignment go wrong

All the buffers edited in a window where the 'diff' option is set will join in
the diff.  This is also possible for hidden buffers.  They must have been
edited in a window first for this to be possible.  To get rid of the hidden
buffers use `:diffoff!`.

*:DiffOrig* *diff-original-file*
Since 'diff' is a window-local option, it's possible to view the same buffer
in diff mode in one window and "normal" in another window.  It is also
possible to view the changes you have made to a buffer since the file was
loaded.  Since Vim doesn't allow having two buffers for the same file, you
need another buffer.  This command is useful: >
	 command DiffOrig vert new | set bt=nofile | r ++edit # | 0d_
	 	\ | diffthis | wincmd p | diffthis
(this is in |vimrc_example.vim|).  Use ":DiffOrig" to see the differences
between the current buffer and the file it was loaded from.

A buffer that is unloaded cannot be used for the diff.  But it does work for
hidden buffers.  You can use ":hide" to close a window without unloading the
buffer.  If you don't want a buffer to remain used for the diff do ":set
nodiff" before hiding it.

*:dif* *:diffupdate*
:dif[fupdate][!]		Update the diff highlighting and folds.

Vim attempts to keep the differences updated when you make changes to the
text.  This mostly takes care of inserted and deleted lines.  Changes within a
line and more complicated changes do not cause the differences to be updated.
To force the differences to be updated use: >

:diffupdate

If the ! is included Vim will check if the file was changed externally and
needs to be reloaded.  It will prompt for each changed file, like `:checktime`
was used.

Vim will show filler lines for lines that are missing in one window but are
present in another.  These lines were inserted in another file or deleted in
this file.  Removing "filler" from the 'diffopt' option will make Vim not
display these filler lines.

Folds are used to hide the text that wasn't changed.  See |folding| for all
the commands that can be used with folds.

The context of lines above a difference that are not included in the fold can
be set with the 'diffopt' option.  For example, to set the context to three
lines: >

:set diffopt=filler,context:3

The diffs are highlighted with these groups:

|hl-DiffAdd|	DiffAdd		Added (inserted) lines.  These lines exist in
				this buffer but not in another.
|hl-DiffChange|	DiffChange	Changed lines.
|hl-DiffText|	DiffText	Changed text inside a Changed line.  Vim
				finds the first character that is different,
				and the last character that is different
				(searching from the end of the line).  The
				text in between is highlighted.  This means
				that parts in the middle that are still the
				same are highlighted anyway.  The 'diffopt'
				flags "iwhite" and "icase" are used here.
|hl-DiffDelete|	DiffDelete	Deleted lines.  Also called filler lines,
				because they don't really exist in this
				buffer.

==============================================================================
3. Jumping to diffs					*jumpto-diffs*

Two commands can be used to jump to diffs:
								*[c*
	[c		Jump backwards to the previous start of a change.
			When a count is used, do it that many times.
								*]c*
	]c		Jump forwards to the next start of a change.
			When a count is used, do it that many times.

It is an error if there is no change for the cursor to move to.

==============================================================================
4. Diff copying			*copy-diffs* *E99* *E100* *E101* *E102* *E103*
								*merge*
There are two commands to copy text from one buffer to another.  The result is
that the buffers will be equal within the specified range.

*:diffg* *:diffget*
:[range]diffg[et] [bufspec]
		Modify the current buffer to undo difference with another
		buffer.  If [bufspec] is given, that buffer is used.  If
		[bufspec] refers to the current buffer then nothing happens.
		Otherwise this only works if there is one other buffer in diff
		mode.
		See below for [range].

*:diffpu* *:diffput* *E793*
:[range]diffpu[t] [bufspec]
		Modify another buffer to undo difference with the current
		buffer.  Just like ":diffget" but the other buffer is modified
		instead of the current one.
		When [bufspec] is omitted and there is more than one other
		buffer in diff mode where 'modifiable' is set this fails.
		See below for [range].

*do*
[count]do	Same as ":diffget" without range.  The "o" stands for "obtain"
		("dg" can't be used, it could be the start of "dgg"!). Note:
		this doesn't work in Visual mode.
		If you give a [count], it is used as the [bufspec] argument
		for ":diffget".

*dp*
[count]dp	Same as ":diffput" without range.  Note: this doesn't work in
		Visual mode.
		If you give a [count], it is used as the [bufspec] argument
		for ":diffput".

When no [range] is given, the diff at the cursor position or just above it is
affected.  When [range] is used, Vim tries to only put or get the specified
lines.  When there are deleted lines, this may not always be possible.

There can be deleted lines below the last line of the buffer.  When the cursor
is on the last line in the buffer and there is no diff above this line, the
":diffget" and "do" commands will obtain lines from the other buffer.

To be able to get those lines from another buffer in a [range] it's allowed to
use the last line number plus one.  This command gets all diffs from the other
buffer: >

:1,$+1diffget

Note that deleted lines are displayed, but not counted as text lines.  You
can't move the cursor into them.  To fill the deleted lines with the lines
from another buffer use ":diffget" on the line below them.
								*E787*
When the buffer that is about to be modified is read-only and the autocommand
that is triggered by |FileChangedRO| changes buffers the command will fail.
The autocommand must not change buffers.

The [bufspec] argument above can be a buffer number, a pattern for a buffer
name or a part of a buffer name.  Examples:

:diffget		Use the other buffer which is in diff mode
	:diffget 3		Use buffer 3
	:diffget v2		Use the buffer which matches "v2" and is in
				diff mode (e.g., "file.c.v2")

==============================================================================
5. Diff options						*diff-options*

Also see |'diffopt'| and the "diff" item of |'fillchars'|.

*diff-slow* *diff_translations*
For very long lines, the diff syntax highlighting might be slow, especially
since it tries to match all different kind of localisations. To disable
localisations and speed up the syntax highlighting, set the global variable
g:diff_translations to zero: >

let g:diff_translations = 0
<
After setting this variable, reload the syntax script: >

set syntax=diff
<

FINDING THE DIFFERENCES					*diff-diffexpr*

The 'diffexpr' option can be set to use something else than the standard
"diff" program to compare two files and find the differences.

When 'diffexpr' is empty, Vim uses this command to find the differences
between file1 and file2: >

diff file1 file2 > outfile

The ">" is replaced with the value of 'shellredir'.

The output of "diff" must be a normal "ed" style diff.  Do NOT use a context
diff.  This example explains the format that Vim expects: >

1a2
	> bbb
	4d4
	< 111
	7c7
	< GGG
	---
	> ggg

The "1a2" item appends the line "bbb".
The "4d4" item deletes the line "111".
The "7c7" item replaces the line "GGG" with "ggg".

When 'diffexpr' is not empty, Vim evaluates it to obtain a diff file in the
format mentioned.  These variables are set to the file names used:

v:fname_in		original file
	v:fname_new		new version of the same file
	v:fname_out		resulting diff file

Additionally, 'diffexpr' should take care of "icase" and "iwhite" in the
'diffopt' option.  'diffexpr' cannot change the value of 'lines' and
'columns'.

Example (this does almost the same as 'diffexpr' being empty): >

set diffexpr=MyDiff()
	function MyDiff()
	   let opt = ""
	   if &diffopt =~ "icase"
	     let opt = opt . "-i "
	   endif
	   if &diffopt =~ "iwhite"
	     let opt = opt . "-b "
	   endif
	   silent execute "!diff -a --binary " . opt . v:fname_in . " " . v:fname_new .
		\  " > " . v:fname_out
	endfunction

The "-a" argument is used to force comparing the files as text, comparing as
binaries isn't useful.  The "--binary" argument makes the files read in binary
mode, so that a CTRL-Z doesn't end the text on DOS.

*E810* *E97*
Vim will do a test if the diff output looks alright.  If it doesn't, you will
get an error message.  Possible causes:
-  The "diff" program cannot be executed.
-  The "diff" program doesn't produce normal "ed" style diffs (see above).
-  The 'shell' and associated options are not set correctly.  Try if filtering
   works with a command like ":!sort".
-  You are using 'diffexpr' and it doesn't work.
If it's not clear what the problem is set the 'verbose' option to one or more
to see more messages.

The self-installing Vim for MS-Windows includes a diff program.  If you don't
have it you might want to download a diff.exe.  For example from
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/diffutils.htm.

USING PATCHES					*diff-patchexpr*

The 'patchexpr' option can be set to use something else than the standard
"patch" program.

When 'patchexpr' is empty, Vim will call the "patch" program like this: >

patch -o outfile origfile < patchfile

This should work fine with most versions of the "patch" program.  Note that a
CR in the middle of a line may cause problems, it is seen as a line break.

If the default doesn't work for you, set the 'patchexpr' to an expression that
will have the same effect.  These variables are set to the file names used:

v:fname_in		original file
	v:fname_diff		patch file
	v:fname_out		resulting patched file

Example (this does the same as 'patchexpr' being empty): >

set patchexpr=MyPatch()
	function MyPatch()
	   :call system("patch -o " . v:fname_out . " " . v:fname_in .
	   \  " < " . v:fname_diff)
	endfunction

Make sure that using the "patch" program doesn't have unwanted side effects.
For example, watch out for additionally generated files, which should be
deleted.  It should just patch the file and nothing else.
   Vim will change directory to "/tmp" or another temp directory before
evaluating 'patchexpr'.  This hopefully avoids that files in the current
directory are accidentally patched.  Vim will also delete files starting with
v:fname_in and ending in ".rej" and ".orig".

vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:

cmd: